Fig. 5

Correlation between change in FC and change in clinical pain after real transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Patients with reduced FC between the L VPL thalamus (seed in white) and left S1/M1 and right posterior insula had greater reductions in clinical pain after real tDCS compared with sham (displayed at p = 0.005). Data shown are Fisher-transformed r values. VPL ventral posterolateral, S1 primary somatosensory cortex, M1 primary motor cortex, VAS visual analogue scale, L left, R right, FC functional connectivity