Table 3 Impact of biomarkers on radiographic and erosive progression (ΔSvH ≥5 and ΔErosion ≥5)

14-3-3η, ng/ml

 <0.19

169

73 (43.2)

1

48 (28.4)

1

 0.19–0.50

31

12 (38.7)

0.86 (0.52–1.43)

10 (32.3)

0.93 (0.51–1.70)

 ≥0.50

115

74 (64.3)

1.57 (1.24–1.97) ***

60 (52.2)

2.01 (1.49–2.72) ***

14-3-3η, ng/ml

 <0.19

169

73 (43.2)

1

48 (28.4)

1

 ≥0.19

146

86 (58.9)

1.40 (1.11–1.77) **

70 (47.9)

1.77 (1.31–2.38) ***

14-3-3η, ng/ml

 <0.50

200

85 (42.5)

1

58 (29.0)

1

 ≥0.50

115

74 (64.3)

1.60 (1.28–2.00) ***

60 (52.2)

2.04 (1.53–2.70) ***

Age, years

 <65

198

81 (40.9)

1

62 (31.3)

1

 ≥65

117

78 (66.7)

1.71 (1.36–2.13) ***

56 (47.9)

1.51 (1.13–2.01) **

C-reactive protein, mg/L

 ≤8.0

117

51 (43.6)

1

30 (25.6)

1

 >8.0

198

108 (54.5)

1.46 (1.12–1.90) **

88 (44.4)

1.87 (1.31–2.66) ***

Anti-CCP2 status

 Negative

190

85 (44.7)

1

59 (31.1)

1

 Positive

125

74 (59.2)

1.44 (1.14–1.80) **

59 (47.2)

1.74 (1.31–2.33) ***

RF ≥40 IU/ml

 Negative

176

76 (43.2)

1

51 (29.0)

1

 Positive

139

83 (59.7)

1.51 (1.20–1.90) ***

67 (48.2)

2.02 (1.50–2.72) ***

Anti-Sa status

 Negative

246

110 (44.7)

1

76 (30.9)

1

 Positive

69

49 (71.0)

1.72 (1.38–2.14) ***

42 (60.9)

2.22 (1.69–2.92) ***

RF or anti-CCP2 positive

 Negative

157

67 (42.7)

1

44 (28.0)

1

 Positive

158

92 (58.2)

1.53 (1.21–1.94) ***

74 (46.8)

2.02 (1.47–2.76) ***

14-3-3η ≥0.50 ng/ml and age ≥65 years

 Both negative

117

34 (29.1)

1

24 (20.5)

1

 One positive

164

98 (59.8)

2.35 (1.71–3.23) ***

72 (43.9)

2.40 (1.61–3.57) ***

 Both positive

34

27 (79.4)

2.96 (2.07–4.24) ***

22 (64.7)

3.46 (2.21–5.42) ***

14-3-3η ≥0.50 and C-reactive protein >8.0 mg/L

 Both negative

73

28 (38.4)

1

16 (21.9)

1

 One positive

171

80 (46.8)

1.25 (0.88–1.76)

56 (32.7)

1.58 (0.97–2.58)

 Both positive

71

51 (71.8)

2.21 (1.58–3.09) ***

46 (64.8)

3.48 (2.17–5.56) ***

14-3-3η ≥0.50 ng/ml and anti-CCP2

 Both negative

163

68 (41.7)

1

45 (27.6)

1

 One positive

64

34 (53.1)

1.4 (1.04–1.89) *

27 (42.2)

1.74 (1.19–2.54) **

 Both positive

88

57 (64.8)

1.7 (1.32–2.20) ***

46 (52.3)

2.27 (1.62–3.16) ***

14-3-3η ≥0.50 ng/ml and RF

 Both negative

165

69 (41.8)

1

44 (26.7)

1

 One positive

46

23 (50.0)

1.31 (0.93–1.86)

21 (45.7)

1.80 (1.19–2.72) **

 Both positive

104

67 (64.4)

1.68 (1.32–2.15) ***

53 (51.0)

2.32 (1.67–3.22) ***

14-3-3η ≥ 0.50 ng/ml and anti-Sa

Both negative

185

75 (40.5)

1

51 (27.6)

1

One positive

76

45 (59.2)

1.36 (1.03–1.79) *

32 (42.1)

1.64 (1.15–2.34) **

Both positive

54

39 (72.2)

2.02 (1.57–2.59) ***

35 (64.8)

2.80 (2.04–3.85) ***

14-3-3η ≥ 0.50, “RF and/or anti-CCP2”

 Both negative

152

64 (42.1)

1

41 (27)

1

 One positive

110

71 (64.5)

1.23 (0.87–1.74)

57 (51.8)

1.59 (1.04–2.44) *

 Both positive

53

24 (45.3)

1.71 (1.33–2.19) ***

20 (37.7)

2.34 (1.67–3.27) ***

14-3-3η ≥ 0.50, Age ≥65, C-reactive protein >8.0

 All negative

43

11 (25.6)

1

7 (16.3)

1

 Only C-reactive protein positive

74

23 (31.1)

1.25 (0.67–2.32)

17 (23.0)

1.54 (0.71–3.36)

 Only 14-3-3η positive

34

16 (47.1)

1.87 (0.97–3.60)

10 (29.4)

2.18 (0.94–5.06)

 Only age positive

30

17 (56.7)

2.41 (1.31–4.43) **

9 (30.0)

2.06 (0.86–4.89)

 Only C-reactive protein and age positive

53

34 (64.2)

2.97 (1.71–5.18) ***

25 (47.2)

3.27 (1.59–6.71) **

 Only 14-3-3η and C-reactive protein- positive

47

31 (66.0)

3.21 (1.85–5.59) ***

28 (59.6)

4.65 (2.33–9.29) ***

 Only 14-3-3η and age-positive

10

7 (70.0)

2.22 (1.02–4.84) *

4 (40.0)

2.47 (0.85–7.17)

 All positive

24

20 (83.3)

3.90 (2.25–6.78) ***

18 (75.0)

5.49 (2.73–11.08) ***