| Rheumatoid arthritis (n = 50) | Controls (n = 39) |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 55.4 ± 12.8 | 52.1 ± 11.4 |
Gender | Â | Â |
 Female | 35 (70 %) | 27 (69 %) |
 Male | 15 (30 %) | 12 (31 %) |
Race | Â | |
 Pacific Islander | 1 (2 %) | 0 (0 %) |
 African American | 14 (28 %) | 12 (31 %) |
 Caucasian | 35 (70 %) | 27 (69 %) |
Clinical characteristics | Â | |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 ± 7.5 | 29.0 ± 5.3 |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 95.3 ± 16.7 | 85.0 ± 27.9 |
 HAQ-DI | 0.7 ± 0.7*** | 0 ± 0 |
 Pain (VAS) (mm) | 40.1 ± 28.9*** | 9.8 ± 2.4 |
 Comorbidity index | 1.6 ± 1.2** | 0.6 ± 0.9 |
 DASESR-28 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | NA |
 Remission (DAS <2.6) | 19 (40 %) |  |
 Low activity (DAS 2.6–3.2) | 8 (17 %) | |
 Moderate activity (DAS 3.2–5.1) | 16 (33 %) | |
 High activity (DAS >5.1) | 5 (10 %) | |
 RF positive | 41/46 | NA |
 Anti-CCP positive | 20/21 | NA |
 Radiograph erosions present | 21/38 | NA |
Medication use | Â | |
 Etanercept | 10 (20 %) | NA |
 Infliximab | 2 (4 %) | NA |
 Adalimumab | 5 (10 %) | NA |
 Abatacept | 5 (10 %) | NA |
 Methotrexate | 38 (76 %) | NA |
 Leflunomide | 1 (2 %) | NA |
 Sulfasalazine | 0 | NA |
 Hydroxychloroquine | 10 (20 %) | NA |
 NSAID | 18 (36 %) | NA |
 Prednisone | 12 (24 %) | NA |
Systemic inflammation (mean ± SEM) |  | |
 ESR (mm/hour) | 11.9 ± 1.7* | 7.6 ± 2.6 |
 hsCRP (mg/l) | 7.9 ± 1.2** | 3.2 ± 0.7 |
 IL-1β (pg/ml) | 0.8 ± 0.2* | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
 IL-6 (pg/ml) | 19.8 ± 7.3*** | 3.1 ± 0.3 |
 IL-8 (pg/ml) | 10.9 ± 1.1* | 17.8 ± 8.0 |
 IL-18 (pg/ml) | 464.2 ± 21.1** | 390.8 ± 21.8 |
 TNFα (pg/ml) | 31.5 ± 5.0*** | 11.4 ± 8.6 |
Metabolic | Â | Â |
 Fasting insulin (mU/l) | 7.5 ± 7.5 | 7.5 ± 5.6 |
 Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 89.9 ± 13.6* | 97.2 ± 11.4 |
 HOMA | 1.7 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.5 |
IS index (×10–5.min−1/(pmol/l)) |  | |
 Women | 6.8 ± 6.5 | 8.4 ± 10.4 |
 Men | 4.2 ± 3.3 | 5.3 ± 3.3 |
 Acute insulin response (pmol/l) | 481 ± 523 | 324 ± 230 |
Adiposity and muscle | Â | Â |
 Abdominal |  |  |
  Total adipose area (cm2) | 411 ± 201 | 400 ± 157 |
  Subcutaneous adiposity (cm2) | 306 ± 155 | 275 ± 132 |
  Visceral adiposity (cm2) | 105 ± 86 | 125 ± 96 |
 Liver density (Hu) | 60 ± 11 | 59 ± 12 |
 Thigh |  |  |
  Total thigh area (cm2) | 250 ± 74 | 244 ± 59 |
  Subcutaneous adiposity (cm2) | 124 ± 63 | 108 ± 51 |
  Intermuscular adiposity (cm2) | 12 ± 7 | 12 ± 8 |
 Muscle area (cm2) | 115 ± 37 | 124 ± 32 |
 Muscle density (Hu) | 51 ± 6 | 52 ± 4 |