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Table 4 Clinical variables associated with five disease activity-associated biomarkers

From: Identification of definitive serum biomarkers associated with disease activity in primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Variable

N

CXCL13

TNF-R2

CD48

BAFF

PD-L2

r

P

r

P

r

P

r

P

r

P

ESSDAI score

58

0.7

<0.0001

0.59

<0.0001

0.54

<0.0001

0.43

0.001

0.39

0.002

 Constitutional

 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Lymphadenopathy

 

0.69

<0.0001

0.54

<0.0001

0.58

<0.0001

0.58

<0.0001

0.5

<0.0001

 Glandular

 

0.44

0.001

0.37

0.004

0.33

0.01

0.43

0.001

0.3

0.02

 Articular

 

0.06

0.62

0.14

0.3

−0.03

0.8

0.11

0.39

−0.08

0.57

 Cutaneous

 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Pulmonary

 

0.65

<0.0001

0.52

<0.0001

0.52

<0.0001

0.38

0.003

0.34

0.01

 Renal

 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Muscular

 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Peripheral nervous system

 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 Central nervous system

 

−0.001

0.1

0.01

0.94

−0.04

0.79

0.07

0.59

0.1

0.41

 Hematological

 

0.17

0.2

0.1

0.47

0.02

0.9

−0.17

0.21

−0.13

0.32

 Biological

 

0.5

<0.0001

0.42

0.001

0.45

0.0004

0.11

0.4

0.2

0.13

IgG

55

0.62

<0.0001

0.5

<0.0001

0.57

<0.0001

0.16

0.25

0.12

0.38

C3

52

−0.12

0.39

−0.06

0.69

−0.24

0.09

0.04

0.77

0.01

0.96

C4

52

0.13

0.37

0.24

0.08

0.18

0.2

0.2

0.15

0.13

0.37

Schirmer test (mm/5 min)

21

0.03

0.9

−0.28

0.23

−0.12

0.6

−0.38

0.09

0.23

0.32

RB test (score)

14

−0.04

0.9

0.18

0.55

0.17

0.57

0.05

0.86

−0.16

0.58

Fluorescein (score)

17

0.19

0.45

0.23

0.38

−0.12

0.65

0.3

0.23

0.2

0.44

Gum test (ml)

28

−0.18

0.35

−0.4

0.03

−0.28

0.15

−0.2

0.3

−0.02

0.91

GS grade (score)

23

0.08

0.72

0.13

0.54

0.23

0.29

0.28

0.2

0.23

0.3

Scintigraphy

40

          

 PG uptake ratio (%)

 

−0.18

0.26

−0.27

0.1

−0.01

0.95

0.01

0.94

−0.13

0.44

 SMG uptake ratio (%)

 

−0.48

0.004

−0.52

0.001

−0.28

0.1

−0.43

0.01

−0.15

0.4

 PG excretion ratio (%)

 

0.12

0.45

0.06

0.7

0.02

0.9

−0.05

0.77

−0.08

0.64

 SMG excretion ratio (%)

 

0.05

0.79

0.26

0.18

0.09

0.62

−0.49

0.01

0.26

0.17

  1. Candidate biomarkers and clinical variables are shown in the header row and left columns, respectively. Data are presented as Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) and P values (P). A P value <0.05 was considered significant. TNFR TNF receptor, BAFF B-cell activating factor, PD-L2 programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 2, ESSDAI score the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) score, Schirmer’s test Schirmer’s I test (mm/5 min), RB test Rose Bengal staining (score: van Bijsterveld score), Fluorescein fluorescein staining (score: van Bijsterveld score), GS grade Greenspan’s grade, Scintigraphy technetium 99m-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy, PG parotid gland, SMG submandibular gland, N number of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, NA not applicable