Antiphospholipid antibodies detected by line immunoassay differentiate among patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, with infections and asymptomatic carriers

Table 1 Characteristics of 61 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and 146 controls enrolled in the study

	Number	Median age, years	Age range, years	Gender f/m
PAPS^*	34	46	21–75	23/11
arterial thrombosis	23	47	21–66	15/8
venous thrombosis	12	42	28–63	8/4
thrombotic and obstetric manifestations	5	41	33–51	5/0
OAPS^a	22	39	27–62	22/0
early pregnancy loss (<10th week of gestation)	11	38	34–45	11/0
intrauterine death (>10th week of gestation)	14	40	27–57	14/0
premature birth	5	37	33–42	5/0
fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation	9	35	27–42	9/0
pre/eclampsia	6	34	27–37	6/0
SAPS^b	5	38	24–58	4/1
aPL+	24	42	22–71	22/2
IDC	50	35	6–86	46/4
VDRL+	23	36	19–58	2/21
HS	49	37	19–68	9/40

PAPS primary antiphospholipid syndrome, OAPS obstetric primary antiphospholipid syndrome, HS healthy subjects, aPL+, anti-phospholipid antibody positive, IDC infectious diseases controls, VDRL+ Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test positive, f female, m male. ^aPatients with PAPS or OAPS may have more than one of the indicated clinical manifestations. ^bSecondary antiphospholipid syndrome (SAPS): three were associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, two out of three with arterial thrombosis and one with arterial thrombosis and intrauterine death; two were associated with undifferentiated connective tissue disease and with intrauterine deaths

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