Fig. 1

The effect of dynamic mechanical compression of human OA cartilage on the expression of Smad3P-responsive genes. Statistical analysis showed that overall effect of the compression with 3 MPa as well as with 12 MPa of human OA cartilage explants was the induction of the upregulation of bSerpine1(a), bSmad7 (b), bTgfb1 (c), and bAlk5 (d) in all four different donors. Data are expressed as a grouped column scatter of multiple repeats with displayed mean (each point represents individual experimental repeat of different human OA cartilage explant). ^* p ≤ 0.05; ^** p ≤ 0.01; ^*** p ≤ 0.001. CTR control, GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase