Evaluation of a quantitative measurement of suprapatellar effusion by ultrasonography and its association with symptoms of radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional observational study

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of the factors associated with knee pain

Dependent variable	R ² (adjusted)	Independent variables	B	β	P value	95 % CI
KOOS pain	0.375	Intercept	162.510	-	<0.001	132.506 to 192.514
		Age	−0.043	−0.021	0.780	−0.351 to 0.264
		Sex	−0.617	−0.013	0.859	−7.462 to 6.228
		BMI	−1.663	−0.247	0.001	−2.658 to −0.667
		KLG	−6.469	−0.358	<0.001	−9.565 to −3.374
		Effusion area	−0.057	−0.253	0.002	−0.092 to −0.022
KOOS symptom	0.344	Intercept	159.128	-	<0.001	130.282 to 187.974
		Age	−0.137	−0.070	0.361	−0.433 to 0.159
		Sex	2.378	−0.054	0.476	−8.959 to 4.203
		BMI	−1.226	−0.194	0.012	−2.184 to −0.269
		KLG	−5.788	−0.341	<0.001	−8.764 to −2.811
		Effusion area	−0.053	−0.251	0.002	−0.087 to −0.020
KOOS ADL	0.319	Intercept	165.423	-	<0.001	139.804 to 191.043
		Age	−0.312	−0.184	0.020	−0.575 to −0.050
		Sex	−0.189	−0.005	0.949	−6.034 to 5.656
		BMI	−1.333	−0.242	0.002	−2.184 to −0.483
		KLG	−4.561	−0.308	0.001	−7.204 to −1.918
		Effusion area	−0.024	−0.132	0.109	−0.054 to 0.006
KOOS sports	0.424	Intercept	212.530	-	<0.001	169.674 to 255.386
		Age	−0.510	−0.165	0.023	−0.950 to −0.070
		Sex	1.477	0.021	0.765	−8.300 to 11.255
		BMI	−2.241	−0.224	0.002	−3.664 to −0.819
		KLG	−10.292	−0.382	<0.001	−14.714 to −5.871
		Effusion area	−0.069	−0.205	0.007	−0.119 to −0.019
KOOS QOL	0.358	Intercept	169.047	-	<0.001	128.343 to 209.751
		Age	−0.133	−0.048	0.529	−0.551 to 0.284
		Sex	−7.883	−0.125	0.095	−17.170 to 1.403
		BMI	−1.102	−0.122	0.109	−2.453 to 0.249
		KLG	−8.894	−0.367	<0.001	−13.093 to −4.694
		Effusion area	−0.083	−0.276	0.001	−0.131 to −0.036

Statistical analysis was by multiple linear regression analysis using each knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) subscale as the dependent variable; age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG), and the suprapatellar effusion area were used as the independent variables. The effusion area and KLG values are the sum of these values for both knees. R ² coefficient of determination, B regression coefficients, β standardized regression coefficients, sports sport and recreation, ADL activities of daily living, QOL quality of life, CI confidence interval

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