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Fig. 6 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 6

From: Apoptotic cell infusion treats ongoing collagen-induced arthritis, even in the presence of methotrexate, and is synergic with anti-TNF therapy

Fig. 6

Apoptotic cell injection and anti-TNF therapy synergize to control ongoing arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice received or did not receive apoptotic cells, with or without anti-TNF blocking antibody and were scored daily (a). Data are shown as mean ± SEM of five mice per group from one experiment; *p < 0.05 (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Sidak's multiple comparisons test). Lymph node cells were collected, cultured, and T cell proliferation was evaluated in response to collagen protein or CD3-specific antibody (Ab) stimulations (b). Data are shown as mean ± SEM from one experiment; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. CIA (nonparametric unpaired t test). Percentages and absolute numbers of Foxp3 T regulatory cells (Treg) were evaluated in the spleen (c). Data are shown as individual mouse plus mean (black bar) from one experiment; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), conventional dendritic cells (cDC) and macrophages (Macro) were isolated to evaluate their response to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand stimulation through evaluation of CD40 costimulatory molecule expression (d) and cultured with naïve allogeneic CD4+ T cells to determine Treg polarization (e). Data from individual mouse plus mean (black bar) from one experiment; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001(d Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, e ordinary one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test) BrDU 5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine, MFI mean fluorescence intensity

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