Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to self-reported exercise status at baseline, grouped by status at baseline and one year later

Age, years, mean (SD)

51.1 (16)

43.7 (15.0)

45.3 (16.6)

48.3 (15.0)

51.2 (15.9)

<0.001

Gender, % female

74.9 %

73.3 %

72.9 %

76.4 %

77.2 %

0.68

Ethnicity

0.003

Percent (%) Caucasian/ Black/ Hispanic/ Asian/ Other

59 %/ 12 %/ 17 %/ 8 %/ 4 %

62 %/ 12 %/ 13 %/ 10 %/  3 %

55 %/ 18 %/ 14 %/ 4 %/ 9 %

58 %/ 7 %/ 19 %/ 13 %/ 3 %

56 %/ 10 %/ 24 %/ 7 %/ 3 %

Formal educational level, years

16 (13–18)

16 (15–18)

16 (14–16)

16 (13.5–18)

15 (12–17)

<0.001

Physical function (0–10)

1.3 (0.3–3.3)

0.7 (0–2.3)

1.7 (0.3–3.7)

2 (0.3–3)

2.3 (0.7–4)

<0.001

Pain VAS (0–10)

5 (2–7.5)

3.5 (1–6)

5.5 (2.5–7)

4 (2–6.5)

6 (3.5–8)

<0.001

Patient global estimate VAS (0–10)

5 (2–6.5)

3 (1–5.5)

4.5 (2–7)

4.5 (2–6)

5.5 (4–7.5)

<0.001

RAPID3 (0–30)

11.2 (5–16.5)

8.2 (3.5–13.3)

11.8 (5.7–18)

10.3 (4.7–15.5)

14 (8.5–19)

<0.001

Fatigue VAS (0–10)

4.5 (1–7.5)

3 (1–7)

4.5 (0.5–7)

5.5 (2–7)

5.5 (2.5–8)

<0.001

RADAI (0–48)

6 (2–14)

4 (1–10)

8 (3–15)

9 (2–17)

9 (3–19)

<0.001

Physician global estimate VAS (0–10)

3 (2.5–3.5)

2.5 (2–3.5)

3 (2.5–4.5)

3 (3–3.5)

3 (2.5–4)

<0.001