Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients between treatment groups
Characteristics | Glucosamine sulfate plus diacerein (n = 74) | Glucosamine sulfate plus placebo (n = 74) |
|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (SD) | 58.8 (6.6) | 61.2 (7.3) |
Sex, % | ||
 Male | 11 (14.9) | 14 (18.9) |
 Female | 63 (85.1) | 60 (81.1) |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.9 (5.3) | 27.2 (4.2) |
Knee symptoms, n (%) | ||
 Warmth | ||
  Yes | 22 (30.14) | 24 (32.43) |
  No | 51 (69.86) | 50 (67.57) |
 Stiffness | ||
  Yes | 39 (52.7) | 33 (44.6) |
  No | 35 (47.3) | 41 (55.4) |
Duration of symptoms before enrollment, months, median (range) | 12 (2–120) | 12 (2–120) |
Drug allergy, n (%) | ||
 Yes | 15 (20.3) | 15 (20.3) |
 No | 59 (79.7) | 59 (79.7) |
Underlying disease, n (%) | ||
 Diabetes | ||
  Yes | 8 (10.8) | 13 (17.6) |
  No | 65 (89.2) | 61 (82.4) |
 Hypertension | ||
  Yes | 40 (54.1) | 34 (45.9) |
  No | 34 (45.9) | 40 (54.1) |
 Dyspepsia | ||
  Yes | 8 (11.76) | 7 (9.86) |
  No | 60 (88.24) | 64 (90.14) |
 Other disease | ||
  Yes | 34 (45.9) | 32 (43.2) |
  No | 40 (54.1) | 42 (56.8) |
 Defecation | ||
  Normal | 59 (79.7) | 54 (73) |
  Abnormal | 15 (20.3) | 20 (27) |
 Smoking | ||
  Yes | 1 (1.4) | 3 (4) |
  No | 73 (98.6) | 71 (96) |
 Alcohol drinking | ||
  Yes | 7 (9.5) | 3 (4) |
  No | 67 (90.5) | 71 (96) |
 Family history of OA knee | ||
  Yes | 25 (33.8) | 31 (41.9) |
  No | 49 (66.2) | 43 (58.1) |
 Quadriceps exercises | ||
  Yes | 46 (62.2) | 48 (64.9) |
  No | 28 (37.8) | 26 (35.1) |
Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2, % | 81.1 | 76.4 |
VAS pain score, mean (SD) | 5.01 (2.55) | 5.05 (2.61) |
WOMAC score | ||
 Total, mean (SD) | 82.3 (47.3) | 81.4 (44.1) |
 Pain, mean (SD) | 21.3 (11.8) | 21.1 (12.3) |
 Stiffness, median (range) | 6.5 (0–20) | 4.5 (0–20) |
 Function, mean (SD) | 54.2 (32.7) | 54.4 (29.3) |
Joint space width, mm, mean (SD) | ||
 Medial minimal width, right | 2.98 (0.82) | 2.82 (0.84) |
 Lateral minimal width, right | 4.25 (1.28) | 4.32 (1.12) |
 Medial minimal width, left | 2.83 (0.84) | 2.90 (0.78) |
 Lateral minimal width, left | 4.35 (1.10) | 4.28 (1.15) |