Table 2 Proposed roles of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis
From: Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Process | Description |
|---|---|
Communication between FLS and chondrocytes | FLS EVs are known to be secreted into the joint space and are taken up by chondrocytes. EVs isolated from chondrocytes treated with inflammatory cytokines are known to increase inflammatory cytokine production and MMP-13 production by FLS. EVs isolated from FLS treated with inflammatory cytokines are known to increase inflammatory cytokine production and MMP-13 production by chondrocytes [25, 94, 98] |
Biomarker | Differences in content of synovial fluid and plasma EVs can serve as a biomarker for disease. miR-200c is elevated compared with non-OA patients [98] |
Therapeutic | Deliver miRNA to cells altering response to inflammation. Potential to target the reduction of MMP-13 production using miRNA. Additionally, EVs could be used to induce chondrogenesis. |