|
Age (years)
|
54.2 (12.5)
|
54.8 (13.2)
|
53.8 (11.9)
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
30.0 (6.4)
|
30.3 (7.5)
|
29.6 (5.1)
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
94.1 (15.2)
|
94.9 (16.8)
|
92.9 (13.3)
|
|
Race
|
|
Caucasian
|
74 (72.6%)
|
36 (70.6%)
|
38 (74.5%)
|
|
African American
|
27 (26.5%)
|
14 (27.5%)
|
13 (25.5%)
|
|
Pacific Islander
|
1 (1.0%)
|
1 (2.0%)
|
0
|
|
Gender
|
|
Female
|
72 (70.6%)
|
36 (70.6%)
|
36 (70.6%)
|
|
Male
|
30 (29.4%)
|
15 (29.4%)
|
15 (29.4%)
|
|
Physical activity (kCal/day)
|
557.1 (280.8)
|
517.7 (279.4)
|
609.1 (278.7)
|
|
Physical activity (MET-hr/day)
|
5.4 (2.6)
|
4.9 (2.5)
|
6.0 (2.5)
|
|
Disease duration (months)
|
NA
|
138.9 (136.3)
|
NA
|
|
HAQ-disability index
|
0.46 (0.6)
|
0.68 (0.7)*
|
0.00 (0.0)
|
|
Comorbidity index
|
1.2 (1.2)
|
1.6 (1.1)*
|
0.6 (0.9)
|
|
DAS-28 mean (SD)
|
NA
|
3.0 (1.4)
|
NA
|
|
Remission (DAS-28 < 2.6)
| |
19 (40%)
| |
|
Low activity (DAS-28 2.6‒3.2)
| |
8 (17%)
| |
|
Moderate activity (DAS-28 3.2‒5.1)
| |
16 (33%)
| |
|
High activity (DAS-28 > 5.1)
| |
5 (10%)
| |
|
Rheumatoid factor positive
|
NA
|
42/47 (89.4%)
|
NA
|
|
Anti-cyclic citrullinated antibody positive
|
NA
|
21/22 (95.6%)
|
NA
|
|
Erosions present on radiographs
|
NA
|
21/38 (55.2%)
|
NA
|
|
Medication use
|
NA
| | |
|
Etanercept
| |
10 (19.6%)
|
NA
|
|
Infliximab
| |
2 (3.9%)
|
NA
|
|
Adalimumab
| |
5 (9.8%)
|
NA
|
|
Abatacept
| |
5 (9.8%)
|
NA
|
|
Methotrexate
| |
39 (76.5%)
|
NA
|
|
Leflunomide
| |
1 (2.0%)
|
NA
|
|
Sulfasalazine
| |
0
|
NA
|
|
Hydroxychloroquine
| |
10 (19.6%)
|
NA
|
|
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
| |
18 (35.3%)*
|
1 (4.0%)
|
|
Prednisone (<5.0 mg/day)
| |
13 (25.5%)
|
NA
|
|
Systemic inflammation
|
|
hsCRP (mg/L)
|
3.0 (3.9)
|
3.7 (4.9)*
|
2.4 (2.9)
|
|
IL-1beta (pg/mL)
|
0.23 (5.3)
|
0.22 (4.1)
|
0.17 (6.4)
|
|
IL-6 (pg/mL)
|
4.9 (2.8)
|
8.9 (2.9)*
|
2.7 (1.6)
|
|
IL-8 (pg/mL)
|
8.2 (2.1)
|
8.9 (1.8)
|
7.5 (2.3)
|
|
TNF-alpha (pg/mL)
|
13.7 (2.3)
|
19.9 (2.4)*
|
9.5 (1.7)
|
|
IL-18 (pg/mL)
|
408.3 (1.4)
|
440.6 (1.3)
|
379.3 (1.4)
|
|
Adiposity and muscle tissue
|
|
Abdominal total adipose area (cm2)
|
427.9 (181.0)
|
408.4 (199.5)
|
447.3 (160.2)
|
|
Abdominal subcutaneous adiposity (cm2)
|
303.3 (143.7)
|
304.5 (154.2)
|
302.1 (133.9)
|
|
Abdominal visceral adiposity (cm2)
|
124.6 (93.2)
|
104.0 (77.1)*
|
145.2 (103.6)
|
|
Abdominal liver density (Hu)
|
59.0 (11.6)
|
59.7 (10.6)
|
58.2 (12.9)
|
|
Thigh total area (cm2)
|
249.6 (65.4)
|
248.8 (73.6)
|
251.7 (57.1)
|
|
Thigh total adipose area (cm2)
|
250.2 (66.0)
|
134.3 (65.8)
|
110.9 (68.0)
|
|
Thigh subcutaneous adiposity (cm2)
|
122.6 (67.6)
|
122.6 (62.7)
|
113.8 (54.0)
|
|
Thigh inter-muscular adiposity (cm2)
|
11.3 (7.4)
|
11.7 (6.7)
|
11.0 (8.1)
|
|
Thigh muscle area (cm2)
|
119.6 (35.1)
|
114.5 (37.1)
|
125.4 (32.1)
|
|
Thigh muscle density (Hu)
|
54.0 (8.1)
|
50.7 (6.2)
|
55.4 (6.8)
|
|
Skeletal muscle inflammatory markers
|
|
IL-1β (pg/mL/mg)
|
0.035 (0.084)
|
0.037 (0.093)
|
0.033 (0.069)
|
|
IL-6 (pg/mL/mg)
|
0.012 (0.010)
|
0.014 (0.010)*
|
0.008 (0.007)
|
|
IL-8 (pg/mL/mg)
|
0.139 (0.178)
|
0.169 (0.211)
|
0.097 (0.106)
|
|
TNF-α (pg/mL/mg)
|
0.012 (0.015)
|
0.014 (0.016)
|
0.010 (0.014)
|
|
TLR4 (pg/mL/mg)
|
0.891 (0.666)
|
0.859 (0.692)
|
0.937 (0.625)
|
