Molecular alterations in skeletal muscle in rheumatoid arthritis are related to disease activity, physical inactivity, and disability

Huffman, Kim M.; Jessee, Ryan; Andonian, Brian; Davis, Brittany N.; Narowski, Rachel; Huebner, Janet L.; Kraus, Virginia B.; McCracken, Julie; Gilmore, Brian F.; Tune, K. Noelle; Campbell, Milton; Koves, Timothy R.; Muoio, Deborah M.; Hubal, Monica J.; Kraus, William E.

doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1215-7

Table 2 Skeletal muscle inflammatory marker correlations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

From: Molecular alterations in skeletal muscle in rheumatoid arthritis are related to disease activity, physical inactivity, and disability

Variable	Muscle IL-6	Muscle IL-8	Muscle TNF-α	Muscle IL-1β	Muscle TLR-4
Age (years)	−0.07	0.05	0.09	−0.09	−0.29 ^*
BMI (kg/m²)	0.24	−0.05	−0.23	−0.10	−0.25
Disease activity (DAS28)	0.23	0.30 ^*	0.14	0.35 ^*	−0.01
Disability (HAQ-DI)	0.33 ^*	0.19	0.09	0.33 ^*	0.12
Pain (VAS)	0.15	0.17	0.29 ^*	0.39 ^*	0.47 ^*
Prednisone use (yes = 1)	0.14	−0.05	0.00	0.01	−0.01
DMARD use (yes = 1)	−0.04	−0.07	−0.30	0.21	0.08
Biologic use (yes = 1)	−0.25	−0.37 ^*	0.21	−0.33 ^*	0.01
Comorbidity index	0.17	0.12	0.17	0.26	−0.08
Plasma hsCRP (mg/L)	0.20	0.07	0.11	−0.03	−0.17
Plasma IL-1β (pg/mL)	0.01	−0.07	−0.07	−0.14	−0.12
Plasma IL-6 (pg/mL)	−0.03	0.11	0.12	−0.01	−0.10
Plasma IL-8 (pg/mL)	−0.11	0.06	0.11	0.14	0.02
Plasma TNF-α (pg/mL)	−0.37 ^*	−0.15	0.02	−0.23	−0.08
Plasma IL-18 (pg/mL)	−0.08	−0.12	−0.02	−0.24	0.06
GlycA (μmol/L)	0.41 ^*	0.38 ^*	−0.06	0.07	−0.21
HOMA	0.11	0.04	−0.06	−0.10	−0.07
Insulin sensitivity (10^-5.min^-1/(pmol/L))	−0.20	−0.19	−0.06	−0.09	−0.18
Fasting insulin (mU/L)	0.13	0.09	−0.13	−0.06	−0.06
Visceral adiposity (cm²)	0.11	0.01	−0.28	0.03	−0.23
Abdominal subcutaneous adiposity (cm²)	0.21	0.06	−0.19	−0.06	−0.19
Total abdominal adiposity (cm²)	0.19	0.07	−0.24	−0.06	−0.28
Thigh muscle density (Hu)	−0.04	−0.10	0.06	0.16	0.28 ^*
Thigh inter-muscular adiposity (cm²)	0.12	0.01	−0.08	−0.11	−0.12
Thigh subcutaneous adiposity (cm²)	0.31 ^*	−0.07	−0.11	−0.09	−0.11
Exercise (min/day)	−0.40 ^*	−0.38 ^*	−0.05	−0.38 ^*	−0.11
Physical activity (MET h/day)	−0.33 ^*	−0.26	0.10	−0.35 ^*	−0.15

Data are shown as Spearman correlation coefficients. BMI body mass index, DAS-28 disease activity score with 28 joint count, HAQ-DI health assessment questionnaire disability index, VAS visual analog scale, DMARD disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychlorquie), biologic biologic DMARD (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, abatacept), hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, HOMA homeostasis model assessment, Hu Houndsfield units, MET metabolic equivalent, TLR toll-like receptor. ^* p < 0.05 for Spearman correlation

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