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Table 1 Characteristics of the 164 patients with ankylosing spondylitis at baseline and 5-year follow-up

From: A longitudinal study of fecal calprotectin and the development of inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis

 

Baseline

5-Year follow-up

p Value

Sex, female/male

74 (45)/90 (55)

  

Age, years

49.5 (41–62)

54.5 (46–67)

<0.001

Years since onset of AS symptoms

22 (13–34)

27 (18–39)

<0.001

Years since AS diagnosis

12 (5–23)

17 (10–28)

<0.001

HLA-B27-positive

141 (86)

  

Fecal calprotectin, mg/kg

86 (45–222)

82 (35–190)

0.660

Fecal calprotectin level

  ≤ 50 mg/kg

48 (29.3)

60 (36.6)

0.660

 51–199 mg/kg

69 (42.1)

64 (39.0)

 200–499 mg/kg

32 (19.5)

29 (17.7)

 500–999 mg/kg

13 (7.9)

8 (4.9)

 >1000 mg/kg

2 (1.2)

3 (1.8)

Serum calprotectin, ng/ml

645 (282–705)

No data

N/A

CRP, mg/L

2 (1–6)

3 (1–6)

0.434

ESR, mm/h

11 (7–18)

8 (4–14)

<0.001

ASDASCRP score

2.2 (1.6–3.0)

2.1 (1.3–2.7)

<0.001

BASDAI score

3.1 (1.6–5.2)

3.2 (1.8–5.2)

0.713

BAS-G score

2.7 (1.2–5.7)

2.8 (1.4–5.9)

0.187

BASFI score

2.3 (1.0–3.8)

2.3 (1.0-4.1)

0.443

BASMI score

2.8 (2.0–4.0)

3.4 (2.4–4.6)

<0.001

Current smoker

15 (9.1)

11(6.7)

0.388

NSAIDs

128 (78)

125 (76)

0.868

 Daily use

73 (45)

66 (40)

 As needed

55 (34)

59 (36)

TNF blockers

33 (20)

39 (24)

0.238

 Infliximab

24 (15)

21 (13)

0.664

 Adalimumab

4 (2)

8 (5)

0.289

 Golimumab

0 (0)

4 (2)

N/A

 Etanercept

5 (3)

6 (4)

1.000

DMARDs

   

 Methotrexate

35 (21)

29 (18)

0.189

 Sulfasalazine

16 (10)

8 (5)

0.004

Regular occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms

 Loose stools

70 (43)

66 (40)

0.401

 Mucus in diarrhea

25 (15)

34 (21)

0.405

 Blood in stools

22 (13)

21 (13)

1.000

 Blood in diarrhea

8 (5)

9 (5)

1.000

 Abdominal pain

24 (15)

33 (20)

0.210

 Obstipation

54 (33)

41 (25)

0.008

 Reflux symptoms

65 (40)

62 (38)

0.391

 Epigastric pain

47 (29)

46 (28)

1.000

  1. Abbreviations: AS Ankylosing spondylitis, CRP C-reactive protein, DMARD Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ASDAS CRP Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BAS-G Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, TNF tumor necrosis factor
  2. Data are presented as median and [interquartile range] or number (%)