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Fig. 8 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 8

From: Osteoarthritis-associated basic calcium phosphate crystals activate membrane proximal kinases in human innate immune cells

Fig. 8

BCP crystals exert synergistic effects with OA synovial fluid on primary macrophages. Human macrophages (0.5 × 106 cells/well) were pre-treated with R788 (2.5 μM) prior to treatment with BCP crystals alone, synovial fluid from one of three OA patients (a, b or c), or OA synovial fluid and BCP crystals together for 24 h. Expression of (upper panel) S100A8 and (lower panel) MMP1 were analysed by real-time PCR. Results indicate mean (± SEM) of at least three healthy macrophage donors treated with synovial fluid from one OA patient. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01

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