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Fig. 5 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Excessive activation of the TLR9/TGF-β1/PDGF-B pathway in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Fig. 5

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces the production of platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) in vitro. Protein levels of PDGF-B in blood cell cultures of SLE patients with or without 2.5 ng/ml recombinant protein TGF-β1 (a; N SLE = 7), and with or without TGF-β1 antagonists (5 μM SB431542, 1 μg/ml αTGF-β1) (b; N SLE = 6). The mRNA expression of PDGF-B in blood cell cultures of SLE patients with or without 2.5 ng/ml recombinant protein TGF-β1 (c; N SLE = 10), and with or without TGF-β1 antagonists (5 μM SB431542, 1 μg/ml αTGF-β1) (d; N SLE = 9). The mRNA expression of PDGF-B in blood cultures of SLE patients with 500 nM CpG, 5 μM SB431542, or 500 nM CpG plus 5 μM SB431542 (e; N SLE = 16). Cells were cultured for 24 h, and then mRNA expressions were detected by qPCR. The results are presented as mean and SEM. GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

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