Acupuncture decreased the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with fibromyalgia in Taiwan: a nationwide matched cohort study

Wu, Mei-Yao; Huang, Ming-Cheng; Chiang, Jen-Huai; Sun, Mao-Feng; Lee, Yu-Chen; Yen, Hung-Rong

doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1239-7

Table 3 Incidence rates and hazard ratios for coronary heart disease among patients with fibromyalgia with or without acupuncture treatment

From: Acupuncture decreased the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with fibromyalgia in Taiwan: a nationwide matched cohort study

Variable	No acupuncture (n = 58,899)			Acupuncture (n = 58,899)
Variable	Events	Person-years	IR	Events	Person-years	IR	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^a (95% CI)
Total	8133	212,027	38.36	4389	251,711	17.44	0.48 (0.46–0.50)^b	0.43 (0.41–0.45)^b
Sex
Female	4650	120,934	38.45	2488	141,235	17.62	0.48 (0.46–0.51)^b	0.43 (0.41–0.45)^b
Male	3483	91,093	38.24	1901	110,476	17.21	0.47 (0.45–0.5)^b	0.45 (0.43–0.48)^b
Age group, years
18–39	877	92,941	9.44	371	94,477	3.93	0.42 (0.38–0.48)^b	0.39 (0.35–0.44)^b
40–59	5059	99,271	50.96	2887	133,190	21.68	0.45 (0.43–0.47)^b	0.42 (0.41–0.44)^b
≥60	2197	19,814	110.88	1131	24,044	47.04	0.48 (0.45–0.52)^b	0.47 (0.43–0.5)^b
Baseline comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus
No	6227	193,111	32.25	3301	225,893	14.61	0.47 (0.45–0.5)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.46)^b
Yes	1906	18,916	100.76	1088	25,818	42.14	0.46 (0.42–0.49)^b	0.44 (0.41–0.47)^b
Hypertension
No	4148	174,292	23.80	2186	199,801	10.94	0.48 (0.45–0.5)^b	0.43 (0.41–0.46)^b
Yes	3985	37,735	105.61	2203	51,910	42.44	0.44 (0.42–0.47)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.46)^b
Hyperlipidemia
No	5328	180,288	29.55	2742	210,271	13.04	0.46 (0.44–0.48)^b	0.43 (0.41–0.45)^b
Yes	2805	31,738	88.38	1647	41,440	39.74	0.49 (0.46–0.52)^b	0.46 (0.43–0.49)^b
Congestive heart failure
No	7942	210,670	37.70	4282	249,749	17.15	0.48 (0.46–0.5)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.45)^b
Yes	191	1356	140.83	107	1963	54.52	0.45 (0.35–0.57)^b	0.46 (0.36–0.59)^b
Cerebrovascular diseases
No	6867	199,807	34.37	3689	235,364	15.67	0.48 (0.46–0.5)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.45)^b
Yes	1266	12,220	103.60	700	16,348	42.82	0.46 (0.42–0.5)^b	0.45 (0.41–0.49)^b
Depression
No	7628	203,237	37.53	4091	240,799	16.99	0.48 (0.46–0.49)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.45)^b
Yes	505	8790	57.45	298	10,912	27.31	0.51 (0.44–0.59)^b	0.46 (0.4–0.53)^b
Anxiety
No	6860	191,626	35.80	3702	225,730	16.40	0.48 (0.46–0.5)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.46)^b
Yes	1273	20,401	62.40	687	25,982	26.44	0.46 (0.42–0.5)^b	0.43 (0.39–0.47)^b
Alcoholism or alcohol-related disorders
No	8093	211,137	38.33	4372	250,521	17.45	0.48 (0.46–0.5)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.46)^b
Yes	40	889	44.99	17	1190	14.28	0.35 (0.2–0.61)^b	0.33 (0.19–0.6)^b
Tobacco dependence
No	8109	211,341	38.37	4374	251,047	17.42	0.48 (0.46–0.5)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.45)^b
Yes	24	685	35.02	15	664	22.58	0.68 (0.35–1.29)	0.47 (0.23–0.94)^c
Obesity
No	8062	210,777	38.25	4351	250,115	17.40	0.48 (0.46–0.5)^b	0.44 (0.42–0.46)^b
Yes	71	1250	56.80	38	1596	23.81	0.45 (0.3–0.66)^b	0.36 (0.24–0.55)^b
Drugs used
Oral steroids
No	3458	56,042	61.70	1574	74,258	21.20	0.39 (0.37–0.41)^b	0.39 (0.37–0.42)^b
Yes	4675	155,985	29.97	2815	177,453	15.86	0.54 (0.52–0.57)^b	0.49 (0.46–0.51)^b
NSAIDs
No	543	1878	289.11	175	3206	54.58	0.27 (0.23–0.32)^b	0.31 (0.26–0.37)^b
Yes	7590	210,148	36.12	4214	248,505	16.96	0.49 (0.47–0.51)^b	0.45 (0.44–0.47)^b
Statins
No	6799	179,722	37.83	3505	215,745	16.25	0.46 (0.44–0.48)^b	0.42 (0.4–0.44)^b
Yes	1334	32,305	41.29	884	35,967	24.58	0.6 (0.55–0.66)^b	0.56 (0.52–0.61)^b

IR Incidence rate per 1000 person-years; NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
^a Adjusted HR adjusted for accepted acupuncture, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure, cerebral vascular diseases, depression, anxiety, alcoholism or alcohol-related disorders, tobacco dependence, obesity, oral steroids, NSAIDs, and statins in Cox proportional hazards regression
^b p < 0.001
^c p < 0.05

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