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Table 1 Pairwise odds ratios for posts mentioning herpes zoster associated with tofacitinib and gastrointestinal perforation associated with tocilizumab versus other medications used for rheumatoid arthritis

From: Social media for arthritis-related comparative effectiveness and safety research and the impact of direct-to-consumer advertising

Medication exposures

Number, by drug

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Herpes zostera

 Tofacitinib vs. infliximab

22 vs. 405

2.45 (1.59–3.77)

 Tofacitinib vs. golimumab

22 vs. 23

2.34 (1.30–4.21)

 Tofacitinib vs. rituximab

22 vs. 120

2.03 (1.29–3.20)

 Tofacitinib vs. adalimumab

22 vs. 613

1.82 (1.19–2.79)

 Tofacitinib vs. etanercept

22 vs. 446

1.67 (1.09-2.57)

Gastrointestinal perforationb

 Tocilizumab vs. rituximab

13 vs 7

12.62 (5.03 – 31.64)

 Tocilizumab vs. adalimumab

13 vs. 59

6.85 (3.76 – 12.51)

 Tocilizumab vs. infliximab

13 vs 60

5.99 (3.29 – 10.92)

 Tocilizumab vs. abatacept

13 vs. 6

5.23 (1.99 – 13.79)

 Tocilizumab vs. certolizumab

13 vs. 10

3.47 (1.52 – 7.93)

  1. aNon-significant associations for other rheumatoid arthritis (RA) medications are not shown. bNon-significant associations for other RA medications are not shown, nor where estimates were potentially unstable based upon cell counts <5 in at least one exposure group (contrasts with etanercept and golimumab were removed for this reason)