Cigarette smoking and the risk of primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a nested case control study

Table 5 Immunologic markers at primary Sjögren’s syndrome diagnosis or later by smoking status at inclusion n (% of available)

	Current smoker	P value*	Former smoker	P value*	Never smoker	P value*
Anti-SSApositive, n (%)	8 (80)	0.29	18 (56)	0.60	10 (56)	0.78
Anti- SSB positive, n (%)	7 (70)	0.07	11 (34)	0.43	6 (33)	0.57
ANA positive, n (%)	9 (90)	0.26	20 (63)	0.08	15 (83)	0.35
RF positive, n (%)	4 (44)	0.72	16 (50)	0.60	12 (67)	0.26
Autoantibody^a negative	1 (10)	1.00	7 (22)	0.16	1 (6)	0.26
Positive lower lip biopsy, n (%)	8 (80)	0.63	23 (82)	0.71	15 (94)	0.41

Smoking status at inclusion in the health surveys. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome was diagnosed at a median of 8.2 years (IQR 2.4–14.1) after inclusion. *Two-sided Fisher exact test. ^aPatients who were negative for anti-Sjögren’s syndrome related antigen A, Ro (anti-SSA), anti-Sjögren’s syndrome related antigen B, La (anti-SSB), antinuclear antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF)

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