Fig. 5

Cytokine-mediated activation of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. a Correlation between the plasma levels of cytokines with the percentage of MAIT cells or CD69 expression on MAIT cells was examined using Spearman’s correlation. Each symbol represents the value of one individual. b MAIT cell activation upon cytokine stimulation was analyzed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers were cultured in plates coated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody or in the presence of major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein ligand or cytokines, as indicated. After 18 h, CD69 expression was analyzed on MAIT cells stimulated or unstimulated. Closed histograms indicate isotype control. Values in the graphs indicate the percentages of CD69⁺ cells among stimulated MAIT cells. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown. GM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN Interferon, IL Interleukin, MFI Mean fluorescence intensity, TNF Tumor necrosis factor