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Table 1 The clinical characteristics of the new-onset untreated SLE patients (n = 90)

From: Elevated serum autoantibodies against co-inhibitory PD-1 facilitate T cell proliferation and correlate with disease activity in new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Variable

SLE patients

Gender (female/male, n)

76/14

Age (mean ± SD, year)

33.1 ± 9.8

Disease duration (mean ± SD, days)

72.0 ± 53.0

SLEDAI (mean ± SD)

12.9 ± 7.9

Disease activity

 

SLEDAI ≤ 8, (n, %)

40, (44.4)

SLEDAI > 8, (n, %)

50, (55.6)

Disease manifestations

 

Arthritis (n, %)

41, (45.6)

Rash (n, %)

43, (47.8)

Oral ulcer (n, %)

11, (5.0)

Serositis (n, %)

16, (17.8)

Photosensitivity (n, %)

14, (15.6)

Raynaud’s phenomenon (n, %)

5, (5.6)

Hematological (n, %)

46, (51.1)

Lupus nephritis (proteinuria ≥ 0.5 g/24 h) (n, %)

21, (23.3)

Neuropsychiatric manifestations (n, %)

8, (8.9)

Autoantibody profile

 

Anti-dsDNA + (n, %)

75, (83.3)

Anti-Sm + (n, %)

21, (23.3)

Anti-SSA + (n, %)

42, (46.7)

Anti-SSB + (n, %)

13, (14.4)

Anti-U1RNP + (n, %)

29, (32.2)

Anti-Rib-P + (n, %)

15, (16.7)

Anti-nucleosome-A + (n, %)

36, (40.0)

  1. SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, SD standard deviation, SLEDAI-2 K SLE disease activity index 2000