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Table 2 Flares and medical treatments during pregnancy in patients with and without tumor necrosis factor inhibitor use until early pregnancy

From: Risk factors for flare and treatment of disease flares during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients

 

RA

axSpA

TNFi until positive pregnancy testa (n = 15)

TNFi-negative (n = 60)

TNFi until positive pregnancy test (n = 24)

TNFi-negative (n = 37)

Patients (n) with flare at

 First trimester

6

4

1

2

 Second trimester

3

4

5

1

 Third trimester

1

4

4

2

Medication at conception

 TNFi

15 (100)

0 (0)

24 (100)

0 (0)

 NSAIDs

1 (6.7)

13 (21.7)

11 (45.8)

23 (61.2)

 Glucocorticosteroidsb

1 (6.7)

23 (38.3)

2 (8.3)

1(3.7)

 DMARDs

2 (13.3)

27 (45)

3 (12.5)

2 (5.4)

  SSZ

1 (6.7)

17(28.3)

3 (12.5)

2 (5.4)

  HCQ

1 (6.7)

7 (11.7)

  

  SSZ and HCQ

 

3 (5)

  

Medication during pregnancy

 TNFi

4 (26.7)

5 (8.3)

10 (41.7)

1 (2.7)

 NSAIDs

5 (33.3)

23 (38.3)

15 (62.5)

27 (73)

 Glucocorticosteroidsb

7 (46.7)

29 (48.3)

12 (50.0)

3 (8.1)

 DMARDs

7 (46.7)

38 (63.3)

3 (12.5)

2 (5.4)

  SSZ

1 (6.7)

23 (38.3)

3 (12.5)

2 (5.4)

  HCQ

1 (6.7)

9 (15)

  

  SSZ and HCQ

5 (33.3)

6 (10)

  

Initiation of medication during pregnancy

9 (60)

16 (26.7)

15 (62.5)

4 (10.8)

 TNFic

4 (26.7)

5 (8.3)

10 (41.7)

1 (2.7)

  Start at visit 1 T-2 T-3 T

2-2-0

1-3-1

4-4-2

0-0-1

 Glucocorticosteroidsb

5 (33.3)

11(18.6)

12 (50)

3 (8.1)

  Start at visit 1 T-2 T-3 T

0-4-1

3-6-2

4-5-3

0-2-1

  1. Abbreviations: axSpA Axial spondyloarthritis, DMARD Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, HCQ Hydrochloroquine, NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, SSZ Sulfasalazine, TNFi Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, 1 T First trimester, 2 T Second trimester, 3 T Third trimester
  2. Numbers are count or count (percent); the percentages are calculated for each column
  3. aNSAIDs used until gestational week 32
  4. bPrednisone or prednisolone
  5. cTNFi initiated during pregnancy: 11 certolizumab, 8 etanercept, 1 adalimumab