Fig. 1

RA-FLS exhibit higher HK2, MCT4, PDK1, and GLS1 mRNA levels than OA-FLS. Glycolysis- and glutaminolysis-related mRNAs were examined in 12 OA-FLS and 19 RA-FLS by real-time PCR, and their levels were normalized to that of GAPDH mRNA. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Bars indicate mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, versus OA-FLS by Student’s t test. G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GLS glutaminase, GLUT glucose transporter, HK hexokinase, LDHA lactate dehydrogenase, MCT monocarboxylate transporter, OA-FLS fibroblast-like synoviocytes from osteoarthritis patients, PDK pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; PFK 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, PKM pyruvate kinase isozyme, RA-FLS fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients