Fig. 3

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related total healthcare costs during 1, 2, and 3 years of follow-up (n = 542). Costs are derived from a matched sample of patients with ≥3 years of continuous health plan enrollment from the index date (n = 542 per cohort). p values are derived from t tests comparing mean costs across cohorts within each year. Medical costs include all costs related to inpatient and outpatient visits, such as office visits and laboratory testing, with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes for RA noted on the claims. Pharmacy costs include all costs related to outpatient pharmacy fills for conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics