Fig. 5

Cytokine levels in serum and synovial fluid (SF) correlate with disease activity and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity. Correlation between serum and synovial fluid levels of Blys (a, b), IL-17 (c, d) and IL-10 (e, f) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stratified according to ACPA positivity (a, c, e) or to the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) (b, d, f), and cytokine levels in serum and synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.005, ***p ≤ 0.0005, two-tailed t test. Mean value ± SEM are reported. ns not significant