Increased serum concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-21 and Th17 cells in overweight patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Table 2 Summary of peripheral immune cell frequencies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

	BMI <20	20 < BMI <25	BMI >25	P value
CD4+ T cells (%)
Total	44.2 ± 8.71	42.6 ± 13.1	40.3 ± 11.93	0.51
Naive T cells	32.1 ± 25.6	29.8 ± 23.7	35.7 ± 16.1	0.32
Memory T cells	26.7 ± 14.3	29.9 ± 13.2	36.7 ± 12.4	0.18
CD25 + Treg cells	6.26 ± 10.9	9.79 ± 16.4	6.19 ± 11.8	0.69
Follicular helper T cells	9.73 ± 6.05	9.95 ± 5.40	11.88 ± 6.17	0.69
Th1 cells	5.48 ± 3.18	5.50 ± 3.09	5.76 ± 2.65	0.13
Th2 cells	9.36 ± 6.81	14.52 ± 9.88	15.79 ± 5.77	0.53
Th17 cells	5.40 ± 2.89	6.44 ± 3.47	10.68 ± 5.36	0.0029**
Th17.1 cells	4.30 ± 3.38	3.71 ± 2.31	5.61 ± 4.30	0.96
B cells (%)
Total	6.36 ± 5.75	7.70 ± 6.03	5.11 ± 3.74	0.29
Naive B cells	65.3 ± 15.0	66.3 ± 21.2	63.1 ± 17.7	0.86
Switch- memory B cells	5.36 ± 3.63	4.53 ± 3.46	3.79 ± 21.8	0.064
Switch + memory B cells	16.9 ± 8.21	16.8 ± 11.7	19.9 ± 13.6	0.50
Double negative B cells	12.5 ± 8.55	12.5 ± 11.3	12.0 ± 9.33	0.99
Plasmablast	1.59 ± 1.88	1.79 ± 2.90	3.35 ± 3.51	0.020*
Monocytes (%)
CD14⁺ CD16-	82.3 ± 17.5	85.3 ± 10.5	86.3 ± 8.58	0.66
CD14⁺CD16⁺	4.77 ± 3.71	4.57 ± 3.16	3.49 ± 2.11	0.48
CD14^midCD16⁺	11.7 ± 13.9	8.85 ± 6.99	9.26 ± 6.64	0.59

The percentages of total CD4⁺ T cells and B cells are shown as a ratio to the total number of lymphocytes. The percentages of cell subsets are shown as a ratio to total CD4⁺ T cells, B cells, and monocytes. The definitions of cell subsets were based on the Human Immunology Project classification [9]. Data are shown as mean +/− SD. BMI body mass index, Treg T regulatory cells, Th T helper. Differences were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01

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