Fig. 1

Human CD4⁺CD25⁻LAG3⁺ T cells suppressed antibody production. a Gating strategy of fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for CD4⁺CD25⁻LAG3⁺CD45RA⁻ T cells (LAG3⁺ Tregs) and CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^dimCD45RA⁻ T cells (CD25⁺ Tregs). b IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17A protein levels in the culture supernatants after 3 days of incubation of the indicated T-cell subsets was determined by ELISA (n = 6). c B cells and T_FH cells were cocultured with the indicated subsets for 12 days in the presence of SEB stimulation, and total IgG, IgM, and IgA production was determined by ELISA (n = 6). d B cells and T_FH cells were cocultured with CD4⁺CD25⁻LAG3⁺CD49b⁻ T cells for 12 days in the presence of SEB stimulation, and total IgG was determined by ELISA (n = 3). All error bars represent SD. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001. All P values were calculated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. CD Cluster of differentiation, ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IFN-γ Interferon-γ, Ig Immunoglobulin, IL Interleukin, LAG3 Lymphocyte activation gene 3, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, SEB Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, T _FH Follicular helper T cell, Treg Regulatory T cell