Associations between systemic bone mineral density and early knee cartilage changes in middle-aged adults without clinical knee disease: a prospective cohort study

Table 5 Association of baseline systemic bone mineral density with progression of tibiofemoral cartilage defects and annual percentage tibial cartilage volume loss in women

	Multivariable analysis^a Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Multivariable analysis^b Odds ratio (95% CI)	P
Progression of tibiofemoral cartilage defects
Total body BMD
Medial	1.56 (0.86, 2.84)	0.14	1.80 (0.96, 3.38)	0.07
Lateral	1.36 (0.76, 2.42)	0.30	1.33 (0.73, 2.40)	0.35
Spine BMD
Medial	1.32 (0.99, 1.78)	0.06	1.38 (1.01, 1.88)	0.04
Lateral	1.30 (0.97, 1. 74)	0.07	1.30 (0.96, 1. 74)	0.09
Total hip BMD
Medial	1.53 (1.03, 2.28)	0.03	1.74 (1.13, 2.66)	0.01
Lateral	1.42 (0.97, 2.07)	0.07	1.41 (0.95, 2.09)	0.09
	Multivariable analysis^c Regression coefficient (95% CI)	P	Multivariable analysis^d Regression coefficient (95% CI)	P
Annual tibial cartilage volume loss (%)
Total body BMD
Medial	0.25 (−0.15, 0.65)	0.22	0.29 (−0.12, 0.71)	0.16
Lateral	0.56 (0.20, 0.91)	0.002	0.55 (0.19, 0.92)	0.003
Spine BMD
Medial	0.06 (−0.14, 0.26)	0.55	0.07 (−0.13, 0.27)	0.50
Lateral	0.23 (0.05, 0.40)	0.01	0.22 (0.04, 0.40)	0.01
Total hip BMD
Medial	0.20 (−0.05, 0.45)	0.11	0.24 (−0.02, 0.49)	0.07
Lateral	0.41 (0.19, 0.62)	<0.001	0.41 (0.18, 0.63)	<0.001

Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in g/10 cm² so that one unit change in BMD approximated one standard deviation change in BMD. ^aAdjusted for baseline age, body mass index, strenuous physical activity, respective baseline tibial cartilage volume and bone area, and time between scans. ^bAdjusted for baseline age, body mass index, strenuous physical activity, respective baseline tibial cartilage volume and bone area, time between scans, and menopausal status. ^cAdjusted for baseline age, body mass index, strenuous physical activity, and respective tibial bone area. ^dAdjusted for baseline age, body mass index, strenuous physical activity, respective tibial bone area, and menopausal status