Fig. 5

a Mean ± SD of lymphatic pumping function as a function of time after induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in the four groups: untreated (white bars), treated by SOFUSA™ (solid bars) and treated by the subcutaneous (SC) (diagonal lined bars), and intradermal (ID) (horizontal lined bars) routes. Two-tailed, pairwise test p values in the framework of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model at days 13 and 18 after CIA induction (bars connecting the different groups) show significant reduction in lymphatic pumping function in the untreated groups compared to SOFUSA™ and SC administration groups: significant decrease (*p < 0.005, **p <0.05, paired Student’s t test, one-tailed) in lymphatic pumping in untreated animals at 11, 13, and 18 days after CIA induction compared to baseline (day 0); significant decrease (^‡ p < 0.005, paired Student’s t test, one-tailed) in lymphatic pumping at 11 and 18 days after CIA induction in animals treated with ID administration of etanercept as compared to baseline (day 0). b Mean ± SD of percent increase in swelling as a function of time after CIA induction in the four groups: untreated (white bars), and treated by SOFUSA (solid bars) and by the SC (diagonal lined bars), and ID (horizontal lined bars) routes. Pairwise F test p values using contrast in the ANOVA model at days 13 and 18 after CIA induction (bars connecting the different groups) denote significant reduction in swelling in the SOFUSA™ and SC administration groups when compared to the untreated group: **p < 0.005 for significant increase in swelling at day 18 compared to day 13 in animals treated with SC administration; ^† p < 0.05 for significant increase in swelling at day 18 compared to day 13 in animals treated with ID administration; ^‡ p < 0.005 for significant increase in swelling at day 18 compared to day 13 in untreated animals