Genome-wide pathway analysis identifies VEGF pathway association with oral ulceration in systemic lupus erythematosus

Table 1 Main epidemiological and clinical features of the discovery and validation patient cohorts

Clinical and epidemiological variables^a	Discovery cohort	Validation cohort	P
Genetic background	CEU	CEU	-
Number of individuals (N)	482	425	-
Gender (% females)	443 (91.91%)	398 (93.65%)	0.37
Average age at onset (m ± SD)	33.50 ± 14.09	32.39 ± 13.32	0.22
Malar rash (N ⁺/N ^-)	185/174	183/175	1.00
Discoid rash (N ⁺/N ^-)	46/313	49/309	0.74
Photosensitivity (N ⁺/N ^-)	191/168	173/185	0.20
Oral ulcers (N ⁺/N ^-)	153/206	172/186	0.15
Arthritis (N ⁺/N ^-)	275/84	267/91	0.54
Serositis (N ⁺/N ^-)	110/249	122/236	0.34
Renal disorder (N ⁺/N ^-)	120/239	108/250	0.38
Neurologic disorder (N ⁺/N ^-)	25/334	35/293	0.10
Hematologic disorder (N ⁺/N ^-)	341/18	337/21	0.63
Immunologic disorder (N ⁺/N ^-)	289/70	292/66	0.77
Antinuclear antibodies (N ⁺/N ^-)	346/13	347/11	0.84

Abbreviations: CEU Caucasian European, M mean, N sample size, N ⁺ sample size of positive individuals for the clinical variable, N ^- sample size of negative individuals for the clinical variable, P P value, SD standard deviation
^aNumber of individuals shown in the table represents the total number of patients that were initially recruited for the present study. Conversely, the sample size of positive/negative individuals for the indicated clinical phenotype represents the final number of SLE patients having data on both genotype and phenotype available for association analysis

ISSN: 1478-6362