Table 2 Baseline characteristics in patients and GP controls without a previous history of NL, given as frequencies (%)
Comorbidities and medications at baseline | Gout cases (N = 29,171) | GP controls (N = 131,449) |
|---|---|---|
Age, mean (std) | 69.1 (14.8) | 68.2 (14.6) |
Men (%) | 67.3 | 66.3 |
Hypertension (%) | 58.4 | 33.0 |
Ischemic heart disease (%) | 26.6 | 13.5 |
Diabetes (%) | 18.6 | 9.2 |
Kidney disease (%) | 11.1 | 2.6 |
Obesitya (%) | 9.9 | 3.1 |
Statins (%) | 32.0 | 19.3 |
Allopurinol (%) | 26.4 | N/Ac |
Beta blockers (%) | 38.4 | 20.1 |
Calcium antagonists (%) | 16.3 | 10.9 |
Thiazide diuretics (%) | 6.1 | 3.6 |
Losartan (%) | 4.0 | 2.0 |
Potassium-sparing diuretics (%) | 6.7 | 2.1 |
RAAS-inhibitors (%) | 24.9 | 12.2 |
Loop diuretics (%) | 27.9 | 7.9 |
Education (≤9) years (ref)b (%) | 44.7 | 41.0 |
Education (10‒12) yearsb (%) | 37.8 | 36.9 |
Education (>12) yearsb (%) | 15.5 | 20.3 |