Fig. 2

Synergism between ER stress and other stimuli. a FLS (n = 4) were left untreated or stimulated with 1 μg/ml LPS or 1 ng/ml IL-1β in the presence or absence of 10 nM TG. Expression of IL6 and IL8 was measured by qPCR 4 h or 8 h after stimulation. b, c FLS (n = 3, n = 2 for TG alone) were stimulated with 10 nM TG or 1 μg/ml LPS in the presence or absence of 10 nM TG for 8 h. Expression of 84 inflammatory genes was monitored by qPCR-based array. Heat map (b) depicts per-gene z-scores of log-scaled expression values relative to GAPDH, and bar graph (c) presents fold changes relative to unstimulated cells for 30 genes with the highest overall level of regulation (mean across all conditions). ER Endoplasmic reticulum, FLS Fibroblast-like synoviocytes, GAPDH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, IL Interleukin, LPS Lipopolysaccharide, qPCR Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, TG Thapsigargin