Table 1 Demographic and clinical data on patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus from Cohorts L_s and L_u

Characteristic

Active SLE serum

Active LN urine

Age at diagnosis, years

15 (10.5–17.5)

14 (12–16)

Disease duration, years

5 (3–9)

3 (1–4.5)

Female sex, n (%)

41 (87.2)

31 (79.5)

White race, n (%)

27 (57.4)

18 (46.2)

Hispanic ethnicity, n (%)

18 (38.3)

6 (15.4)

Total SLEDAI-2K score

13 (10–17)

17 (12–20)

Active renal involvement, n (%)

24 (51.1)

39 (100)

 Biopsy-proven, n (%)

14^a (93.3)

37 (94.9)

 SLEDAI-R score

8 (4–12)

12 (8–12)

 ISN/RPS class of LN, III/IV/V, n (%)

3/9/6^a (21.4/64.3/42.9)

5/16/12 (13.5/43.2/32.4)

 eGFR < 75 ml/minute/1.73 m², n (%)

1^a (3.3)

2 (5.1)

Active extrarenal involvement, n (%)

46 (97.9)

38 (97.4)

 Oral or intravenous steroids

40 (85.1)

35 (89.7)

 Hydroxychloroquine

41 (87.2)

32 (82)

 Other immunosuppressant

26 (55.3)

27 (69.2)

 Positive anti-dsDNA, n (%)

18^a (60)

31 (79.5)

 C3, mg/dl

83.6^a (59.5–114.8)

65 (45.4–93.3)

 C4, mg/dl

10.6^a (7–16.2)

8.6 (4.5–11.1)

 Random urine protein/creatinine

0.26^a (0.12–1.8)

2.1 (1.1–5.3)

 Active urinary sediment, n (%)

14^a (46.7)

32 (82.1)