Table 2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-qualifying symptoms and C4d levels at higher disease activity in the cross-sectional study (n = 98)
From: Plasma C4d as marker for lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Higher disease activity | Lower disease activity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feature present | Feature absent | |||||
Clinical features | No. of subjects | C4d (mg/L) | No. of subjects | C4d (mg/L) | p Value | No. of subjects |
Seizure | 2 | 0.56 (0–1.12) | 96 | 0.49 (0.09–1.32) | – | 0 |
Psychosis | 0 | – | 98 | 0.49 (0.08–1.31) | – | 0 |
Organic brain syndrome | 0 | – | 98 | 0.49 (0.08–1.31) | – | 0 |
Visual disturbance | 7 | 0.53 (0.35–0.88) | 91 | 0.45 (0.05–1.32) | 0.658 | 0 |
Cranial nerve disorder | 0 | – | 98 | 0.49 (0.08–1.31) | – | 0 |
Lupus headache | 2 | 0.39 (0–0.77) | 96 | 0.49 (0.09–1.32) | – | 0 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 2 | 0 | 96 | 0.51 (0.10–1.32) | – | 0 |
Vasculitis | 12 | 0.73 (0.33–1.44) | 86 | 0.46 (0.05–1.16) | 0.342 | 0 |
Arthritis | 29 | 0.15 (0.001–1.03) | 69 | 0.65 (0.21–1.33) | 0.033 | 1 |
Myositis | 1 | 0.19 (0.19–0.19) | 97 | 0.51 (0.07–1.31) | – | 0 |
Kidney involvement (urinary cast, hematuria, proteinuria, or pyuria) | 34 | 0.89 (0.44–1.56) | 64 | 0.34 (0 –1.12) | 0.003 | 1 |
Rash | 30 | 0.45 (0.10–1.15) | 68 | 0.52 (0.05 –1.38) | 0.745 | 4 |
Alopecia | 7 | 0.33 (0.03–0.76) | 91 | 0.51 (0.09 –1.32) | 0.365 | 1 |
Oral ulcers | 7 | 0.40 (0.11–1.24) | 91 | 0.51 (0.05 –1.32) | 0.868 | 0 |
Pleurisy | 13 | 0.88 (0.34–2.16) | 85 | 0.44 (0.05 –1.19) | 0.172 | 0 |
Pericarditis | 7 | 1.07 (0.12–2.85) | 91 | 0.45 (0.05 –1.24) | 0.237 | 0 |
Low complement (C3 or C4) | 54 | 0.87 (0.35–1.46) | 44 | 0.17 (0–0.99) | 0.001 | 40 |
Anti-DNA antibodies | 46 | 1.02 (0.49–1.51) | 52 | 0.16 (0–0.73) | <0.0001 | 24 |
Fever | 6 | 1.18 (0.76–2.82) | 92 | 0.45 (0.05–1.26) | 0.069 | 0 |
Thrombocytopenia | 3 | 0.40 (0.18–1.51) | 95 | 0.45 (0.04–1.12) | – | 2 |
Leukopenia | 10 | 0.47 (0.22–1.53) | 88 | 0.44 (0.03–1.12) | 0.49 | 6 |