Fig. 2

Atsttrin prevents progression of osteoarthritis in vivo in surgically induced OA models. a Safranin O-stained sections of ACLT OA model in WT mice. Knee joints collected 4 weeks after the model establishment and processed for Safranin O staining. b, c Quantification of OARSI score and proteoglycan loss based on Safranin O staining. d Representative photography of immunochemistry stained sections. Positive signal is brown. e H&E staining of subchondral bone and quantification of subchondral bone plate thickness. f TRAP staining of subchondral bone and quantification of TRAP-positive cells. g H&E staining of synovium. h Extent of synovitis determined based on H&E staining. i Rearing instances within 5 minutes in an open cage. j Tactile sensitivity assayed by von Frey testing. k, l Transcriptional levels of CCR-2 and MCP-1 in the ipsilateral L3–L5 DRG. Each group composed of six mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus PBS-treated group. CCR-2 chemokine receptor 2, Col X type X collagen, COMP cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MMP matrix-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase, OARSI Osteoarthritis Research Society International, PBS phosphate-buffered saline, TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase