Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients with SLE in the study

Age, years

44.0 ± 12.4

35.1 ± 13.9

37.8 ± 13.9

39.2 ± 13.8

< 0.001

Women

77 (96)

62 (93)

75 (94)

214 (94)

0.37

SLE duration, years

12.5 ± 6.6

4.0 ± 5.2

4.9 ± 5.8

7.3 ± 7.0

< 0.001

 Neuropsychiatric

-

9 (13)

5 (6.3)

14 (6.2)

0.14

 Musculoskeletal

-

30 (45)

29 (36)

59 (26)

0.29

 Renal

-

0 (0)

80 (100)

80 (35)

< 0.001

 Mucocutaneous

-

37 (55)

26 (33)

63 (28)

0.006

 Serositis

-

15 (22)

14 (18)

29 (13)

0.46

 Hematological

-

39 (58)

19 (24)

58 (26)

< 0.001

 Anti-Sm

12 (15)

21 (31)

21 (26)

54 (24)

0.06

 Anti-Ro

48 (60)

44 (66)

57 (71)

149 (66)

0.37

 Anti-La

11 (14)

15 (22)

27 (34)

53 (23)

0.01

 Anti-nRNP

20 (25)

28 (42)

30 (38)

78 (34)

0.09

 aPL^a

31 (39)

27 (40)

18 (23)

76 (33)

0.04

SLEDAI

2.11 ± 1.67

10.1 ± 5.51

16.0 ± 6.42

9.39 ± 7.65

< 0.001

PGA score

0.21 ± 0.15

1.89 ± 0.32

2.14 ± 0.21

1.39 ± 0.90

< 0.001

SLICC damage score

0.49 ± 1.20

0.69 ± 0.97

0.81 ± 1.32

0.77 ± 1.18

0.98

 Prednisolone

38 (48)

27 (40)

41 (51)

106 (47)

0.41

 Azathioprine

30 (38)

8 (12)

16 (20)

54 (24)

0.001

 Cyclophosphamide

0 (0)

1 (1.5)

1 (1.3)

2 (0.9)

0.57

 Cyclosporin A

3 (3.8)

2 (3)

3 (3.8)

8 (3.5)

0.96

 Tacrolimus

2 (2.5)

3 (4.5)

2 (2.5)

7 (3)

0.73

 Mycophenolate mofetil

12 (15)

6 (9)

11 (14)

29 (13)

0.52

 Hydroxychloroquine

48 (60)

33 (49)

35 (44)

116 (51)

0.11