Fig. 3

Upregulation of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and cytosolic RNA-binding and DNA-binding receptors in interferon (IFN) type I positive (IFNpos) patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Relative mRNA gene expression of TLR7 and TLR9 (a), ZBP-1 and IFI16 (b) and IFIH1, DHX58, DDX58, and DDX60 (c) in CD14+ monocytes from patients with cSLE (n = 23) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 13). Each symbol represents an individual sample; horizontal lines represent medians. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the three groups: Ns, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. IFNneg IFN-negative patients, IFNpos IFN-positive patients