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Table 2 Unadjusted univariate association between incident gout and clinical covariates assessed at baseline

From: Untangling the complex relationships between incident gout risk, serum urate, and its comorbidities

Risk factor

Percentage

Gout

OR

p-value

 
 

(%)

incidencea

(95% CI)

For OR

Chi-square test

Overall

100

2.72

   

Serum urate

   

<.001

<.001

Normal

54.0

0.79

Ref

  

Medium-high

38.2

2.47

3.16 (2.11, 4.76)

  

High

7.7

17.43

25.9 (17.2, 38.4)

  

Sex

   

<.001

<.001

Female

56.2

1.90

Ref

  

Male

43.8

3.77

2.01 (1.53, 2.66)

  

Ethnicity

   

<.001

<.001

European American

80.2

2.07

Ref

  

African American

19.8

5.34

2.66 (2.01, 3.51)

  

Age

   

0.325

0.36

≤ 54 years

54.7

2.56

Ref

  

> 54 years

45.3

2.92

1.15 (0.87, 1.50)

  

Body mass index

   

<.001

<.001

Nonobese

75.1

2.21

Ref

  

Obese

24.9

4.25

1.96 (1.48, 2.59)

  

eGFR

   

<.001

<.001

Low

2.1

8.41

3.42 (1.95, 6.00)

  

Normal or mildly reduced

97.9

2.60

Ref

  

HDL cholesterol

   

0.001

0.002

Low

21.3

3.85

1.62 (1.20, 2.17)

  

Normal

78.7

2.42

Ref

  

LDL cholesterol

   

0.613

0.662

Normal

46.5

2.82

Ref

  

High

53.5

2.64

0.93 (0.71, 1.22)

  

Systolic blood pressure

   

<.001

<.001

Normal or prehypertensive

89.0

2.42

Ref

  

Hypertensive

11.0

5.17

2.19 (1.57, 3.06)

  

Triglycerides

   

<.001

<.001

Normal

74.6

2.18

Ref

  

High

25.4

4.32

2.02 (1.53, 2.67)

  

Glucose

   

0.055

0.075

Normal

93.1

2.63

Ref

  

High

6.9

4.00

1.55 (0.99, 2.42)

  
  1. aAverage number of new cases per 1000 patients per year