From: Untangling the complex relationships between incident gout risk, serum urate, and its comorbidities
Risk factor | Percentage | Gout | OR | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | incidencea | (95% CI) | For OR | Chi-square test | |
Overall | 100 | 2.72 | |||
Serum urate | <.001 | <.001 | |||
Normal | 54.0 | 0.79 | Ref | ||
Medium-high | 38.2 | 2.47 | 3.16 (2.11, 4.76) | ||
High | 7.7 | 17.43 | 25.9 (17.2, 38.4) | ||
Sex | <.001 | <.001 | |||
Female | 56.2 | 1.90 | Ref | ||
Male | 43.8 | 3.77 | 2.01 (1.53, 2.66) | ||
Ethnicity | <.001 | <.001 | |||
European American | 80.2 | 2.07 | Ref | ||
African American | 19.8 | 5.34 | 2.66 (2.01, 3.51) | ||
Age | 0.325 | 0.36 | |||
≤ 54 years | 54.7 | 2.56 | Ref | ||
> 54 years | 45.3 | 2.92 | 1.15 (0.87, 1.50) | ||
Body mass index | <.001 | <.001 | |||
Nonobese | 75.1 | 2.21 | Ref | ||
Obese | 24.9 | 4.25 | 1.96 (1.48, 2.59) | ||
eGFR | <.001 | <.001 | |||
Low | 2.1 | 8.41 | 3.42 (1.95, 6.00) | ||
Normal or mildly reduced | 97.9 | 2.60 | Ref | ||
HDL cholesterol | 0.001 | 0.002 | |||
Low | 21.3 | 3.85 | 1.62 (1.20, 2.17) | ||
Normal | 78.7 | 2.42 | Ref | ||
LDL cholesterol | 0.613 | 0.662 | |||
Normal | 46.5 | 2.82 | Ref | ||
High | 53.5 | 2.64 | 0.93 (0.71, 1.22) | ||
Systolic blood pressure | <.001 | <.001 | |||
Normal or prehypertensive | 89.0 | 2.42 | Ref | ||
Hypertensive | 11.0 | 5.17 | 2.19 (1.57, 3.06) | ||
Triglycerides | <.001 | <.001 | |||
Normal | 74.6 | 2.18 | Ref | ||
High | 25.4 | 4.32 | 2.02 (1.53, 2.67) | ||
Glucose | 0.055 | 0.075 | |||
Normal | 93.1 | 2.63 | Ref | ||
High | 6.9 | 4.00 | 1.55 (0.99, 2.42) |