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Fig. 1 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Dysregulated heme oxygenase-1low M2-like macrophages augment lupus nephritis via Bach1 induced by type I interferons

Fig. 1

Numbers of CD68+, CD163+, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1+ cells in the glomerulus of patients with lupus nephritis. Representative immunohistochemical images of the renal biopsy specimen obtained from a patient with lupus nephritis (International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society [ISN/RPS] class IV-G [A/C]) are shown. Serial sections of a glomerulus stained with antibodies against (a) CD68, (b) CD163, (c) HO-1, (d) phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1), and (e) CMAF (original magnification × 400). f Numbers of CD68+, CD163+, and HO-1+ cells in glomerulus of renal tissue from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 19) were counted. Data shown are mean ± SEM. g Numbers of pSTAT1+ and CMAF+ cells in a glomerulus of renal tissue from patients with SLE (n = 19) were counted. h Numbers of estimated M1 macrophage (Mϕ), M2 Mϕ, and HO-1+ cells in glomerulus in the renal tissues from patients with SLE (n = 19). Data shown are mean ± SEM. i and j Representative immunofluorescently stained images of the renal biopsy specimen from a patient with lupus nephritis (ISN/RPS class IV-G [A/C]). Red shows CD163; green shows pSTAT1 (i) or CMAF (j). Double-positive cells indicate M1-like Mϕ and M2-like Mϕ in (i) and (j), respectively. k Correlation between proteinuria levels (g/day) and numbers of M2-like Mϕ within the glomeruli (n = 19). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 by Student’s t test

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