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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics as predictors of non-achievement of remission off medication in univariate logistic regression

From: Predicting unfavorable long-term outcome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from the Nordic cohort study

Baseline characteristics

Total

N

Remission

off medicationa

Not in remissionb

OR

(95% CI)

p

Gender female, n (%)

410

106 (38.8)

167 (61.2)

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

0.334

Age at disease onset, years

410

6.3 (2.5–10.0)

5.2 (2.5–9.6)

0.9 (0.9–1.0)

0.401

Time from onset to diagnosis, months

388

1.5 (0.5–2.9)

1.7 (0.5–3.6)

1.0 (1.0–1.1)

0.152

Cumulative active joint count

410

2 (1–4)

4 (2–7)

1.1 (1.1–1.2)

< 0.001

Physician’s global assessment VAS

227

0.8 (0.0–1.3)

2.0 (1.0–3.8)

3.5 (1.9–6.2)

< 0.001

Polyarticular RF-positive, n (%)

410

1 (25.0)

3 (75.0)

2.1 (0.2–20.0)

0.535

Polyarticular RF-negative, n (%)

410

25 (26.9)

68 (73.1)

2.2 (1.3–3.6)

0.003

Oligoarticular, n (%)

410

107 (49.1)

111 (50.9)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

< 0.001

Psoriatic arthritis, n (%)

410

3 (50.0)

3 (50.0)

0.7 (0.1–3.4)

0.635

Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), n (%)

410

11 (32.4)

23 (67.6)

1.5 (0.7–3.1)

0.315

Undifferentiated arthritis, n (%)

410

19 (34.5)

36 (65.5)

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

0.336

ANA-positive, ≤ 6 years, n (%)c

397

22 (31.4)

48 (68.6)

1.6 (0.9–2.7)

0.107

Specific joint involvement, n (%)

 Hip joint

409

18 (32.1)

38 (67.9)

1.5 (0.8–2.8)

0.168

 Ankle joint

409

57 (31.0)

127 (69.0)

2.1 (1.4–3.1)

< 0.001

 Tarsal joint

409

6 (16.7)

30 (83.3)

3.8 (1.5–9.2)

0.004

 Subtalar joint

409

14 (26.9)

38 (73.1)

2.0 (1.1–3.8)

0.034

 Wrist joint

409

33 (30.6)

75 (69.4)

1.8 (1.1–2.9)

0.014

 Finger joint

409

36 (27.7)

94 (72.3)

2.3 (1.5–3.6)

< 0.001

 Neck

409

9 (26.5)

25 (73.5)

2.0 (0.9–4.4)

0.085

 Upper limb joints

410

67 (32.7)

138 (67.3)

1.9 (1.3–2.9)

0.001

 Lower limb joints

410

144 (39.0)

225 (61.0)

1.8 (0.9–3.5)

0.073

Symmetric involvement, n (%)

 Hip joints

409

5 (21.7)

18 (78.3)

2.6 (0.9–7.1)

0.067

 Ankle joints

409

27 (28.4)

68 (71.6)

2.0 (1.2–3.3)

0.006

 Wrist joints

409

22 (34.4)

42 (65.6)

1.4 (0.8–2.4)

0.272

 Finger joints

409

13 (22.0)

46 (78.0)

2.7 (1.4–5.3)

0.002

Patient-reported outcomes

 Patient’s/parent’s global assessment VAS

250

0.5 (0.0–2.2)

1.7 (0.5–3.5)

2.2 (1.4–3.4)

0.001

 CHAQ score

257

0.1 (0.0–0.6)

0.5 (0.0–1.1)

2.0 (1.3–3.0)

0.002

 Pain VAS

246

0.4 (0.0–3.0)

2.3 (0.5–4.2)

1.9 (1.3–2.8)

0.002

 Morning stiffness for > 15 min, n (%)

314

25 (22.1)

88 (77.9)

3.6 (2.1–6.0)

< 0.001

Laboratory tests

 ESR mm/h

332

11.0 (6.0–18.0)

17.0 (9.5–34.0)

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

< 0.001

 CRP >10 mg/L, n (%)

329

12 (16.7)

60 (83.3)

3.9 (2.0–7.5)

< 0.001

 ANA-positive, n (%)

397

37 (33.0)

75 (67.0)

1.5 (1.0–2.4)

0.075

 RF-positive, n (%)

221

5 (50.0)

5 (50.0)

0.6 (0.2–2.0)

0.376

 HLA-B27 positive, n (%)

382

21 (25.9)

60 (74.1)

2.1 (1.2–3.6)

0.010

  1. Values are the median (interquartile range, IQR), or number (percentage)
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, VAS visual analogue scale, CHAQ Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate for an increase in 10 mm/h, CRP C-reactive protein, ANA antinuclear antibody, RF rheumatoid factor, HLA-B27 human leucocyte antigen
  3. aInactive disease off medication for 12 months according to the preliminary Wallace criteria
  4. bNot in remission equals non-achievement of remission off medication
  5. cANA-positive patients ≤6 years at disease onset, with oligoarticular, polyarticular RF negative, psoriatic or undifferentiated arthritis