Table 2 Comparisons of patients’ characteristics
Carotid plaque (+) (n = 40) | Carotid plaque (−) (n = 77) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Female, n (%) | 37 (93%) | 67 (87%) | 0.54 |
Age (years) | 49 (39, 65) | 40 (31, 47) | <0.0001 |
Age at diagnosis (years) | 33 (23, 42) | 29 (18, 38.5) | 0.07 |
Smoking, n (%) | 20 (50%) | 28 (36%) | 0.16 |
Post menopause, n (%) | 23/36 (64%) | 20/67 (30%) | 0.002 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (19.1, 26.3) | 22.3 (19.5, 25.2) | 0.87 |
Duration of disease (years) | 17 (6, 25) | 7 (1.5, 15) | 0.002 |
SLEDAI-2 K | 3.5 (2, 7) | 7 (2, 12) | 0.07 |
History of LN, n (%) | 10 (29%) | 37 (49%) | 0.04 |
APS, n (%) | 11 (28%) | 14 (18%) | 0.24 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (28%) | 15 (20%) | 0.35 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 29 (73%) | 42 (55%) | 0.07 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121 (112, 132) | 120 (109, 132) | 0.47 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77 (70, 85) | 75 (70, 85) | 0.77 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 31 (78%) | 51(66%) | 0.29 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 198 (172, 221) | 196 (167, 227) | 0.73 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 146 (103, 201) | 139 (90, 201) | 0.63 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 64 (53, 75) | 64 (49, 75) | 0.69 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 104 (85, 126) | 100 (81, 125) | 0.91 |
CKD, n (%) | 15 (38%) | 21 (27%) | 0.29 |
eGFR (mL/min) | 64.8 (18.9) | 81.7 (26.6) | 0.0005 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.90) | 0.65 (0.58, 0.84) | 0.02 |
aPL, n (%) | 19 (48%) | 23 (30%) | 0.07 |
History of CVD, n (%) | 7 (18%) | 4 (5%) | 0.04 |
History of bone fractures, n (%) | 7 (9%) | 7 (18%) | 0.20 |
BMD measurements | |||
BMD (lumbar spine) (g/cm2) | 0.931 (0.170) | 1.008 (0.168) | 0.032 |
T-score (lumbar spine) | −0.75 (1.52) | −0.09 (1.53) | 0.048 |
BMD (FN) (g/cm2) | 0.652 (0.102) | 0.738 (0.134) | 0.006 |
T-score (FN) | −1.26 (0.96) | −0.65 (1.08) | 0.02 |
Low BMD, n (%) | 19 (56%) | 29 (43%) | 0.29 |
Osteoporosis, n (%) | 6 (18%) | 3 (5%) | 0.06 |
Carotid measurements | |||
Mean IMT (mm) | 0.69 (0.21) | 0.54 (0.10) | <0.0001 |
Treatment | |||
Duration of GC use (months) | 210 (46, 296) | 98 (18, 191) | 0.006 |
Cumulative dose of GC (ga) | 88.4 (24.1, 120.8) | 48.7 (10.4, 100.6) | 0.036 |
Current dose of GC (mga/day) | 6 (5, 10) | 10 (7, 28) | 0.005 |
Concomitant use of IS, n (%) | 18 (45%) | 52 (68%) | 0.03 |
mPSL pulse, n (%) | 18 (45%) | 33 (43%) | 0.82 |
Maximum dose of oral GC (mga/day) | 60 (30, 60) | 60 (30, 60) | 0.41 |
Antihypertensive agent, n (%) | 26 (65%) | 35 (45%) | 0.04 |
Statin, n (%) | 20 (50%) | 33 (43%) | 0.56 |
BP, n (%) | 19 (48%) | 50 (66%) | 0.07 |
VD, n (%) | 21 (53%) | 55 (71%) | 0.07 |
BP + VD, n (%) | 7 (18%) | 35 (46%) | 0.004 |