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Fig. 4 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Pannus inflammation in sacroiliitis following immune pathological injury and radiological structural damage: a study of 193 patients with spondyloarthritis

Fig. 4

Influence of the invasion of pannus in the cartilage area on cartilaginous structures and related inflammation expression (10 × 20 magnification). a-e In sacroiliitis, abundant fibrovascular tissue formed and invaded into cartilage, chondrocytes and matrix degenerated (a), accompanied by high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (b), caspase-3 (c), matrix metalloproteinase-3 MMP-3 (d) and TNF-α (e) expressed in the cartilage. f-j In sacroiliitis, fibrovascular tissue formed in the subchondral area without invading into cartilage (f), accompanied by significantly lower levels of VEGF (g), caspase-3 (h), MMP-3 (i) and TNF-α (j) expressed in the cartilage. k-o In autopsy controls, there was no fibrovascular tissue formation and only partial superficial chondrocytes expressed low levels of VEGF (l), caspase-3 (m) and TNF-α (o). a, f, k, AP-Red staining; b-e, g-j, l-o, 3,3-diaminobenzidine staining. SpA, spondyloarthritis

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