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Table 2 Summary of significantly changed metabolites in the HUA and gout group

From: Metabolomics approach by 1H NMR spectroscopy of serum reveals progression axes for asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout

Metabolites

Changes in HUA

(vs control)

Changes in gout

(vs control)

Changes in gout

(vs HUA)

Trend

r a

p b

Trend

r a

p b

Trend

r a

p b

VLDL

↑

0.71

0.00

↑

0.61

0.00

↑

0.61

0.00

Isoleucine

↑

0.86

0.00

↑

0.72

0.00

–

–

–

Leucine

↑

0.83

0.00

↑

0.71

0.00

–

–

–

Lipid

↑

0.68

0.00

↑

0.72

0.00

↑

0.63

0.00

Lactate

↑

0.70

0.00

–

–

–

–

–

–

Alanine

↑

0.77

0.00

–

–

–

–

–

–

Lysine

↑

0.76

0.00

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glutamine

–

–

–

↑

0.60

0.00

–

–

–

Methionine

–

–

–

↑

0.67

0.00

–

–

–

Acetone

↑

0.64

0.00

↑

0.63

0.00

↑

0.65

0.00

Glutamate

↑

0.69

0.00

–

–

–

–

–

–

Citrate

–

–

–

↑

0.68

0.00

↑

0.65

0.00

Aspartate

–

–

–

↑

0.73

0.00

↑

0.63

0.00

Creatinine

↑

0.63

0.00

↑

0.65

0.00

–

–

–

β-Glucose

↑

0.65

0.00

↑

0.70

0.00

↑

0.65

0.00

α-Glucose

↑

0.63

0.00

↑

0.68

0.00

↑

0.66

0.00

Threonine

↑

0.65

0.00

↑

0.60

0.00

–

–

–

Triglycerides

↑

0.70

0.00

↑

0.61

0.00

–

–

–

Unsaturated lipids

↑

0.67

0.00

↑

0.63

0.00

–

–

–

Tyrosine

↑

0.75

0.00

–

–

–

–

–

–

Phenylalanine

–

–

–

↑

0.63

0.00

–

–

–

  1. Increased levels are indicated by arrows (↑)
  2. VLDL very low-density lipoprotein
  3. aCorrelation coefficient (r) was obtained from the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model
  4. bThe p value was calculated using Student’s t test