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Table 2 Association of gout and other risk factors with incident myocardial infarction

From: Gout and the risk of myocardial infarction in older adults: a study of Medicare recipients

 

Multivariable-adjusteda model 1

Multivariable-adjusteda model 2

Multivariable-adjusteda model 3

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

Age (years)

 65 to < 75

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 75 to < 85

1.62 (1.56, 1.68)

< 0.0001

1.60 (1.54, 1.66)

< 0.0001

1.55 (1.49, 1.61)

< 0.0001

 ≥ 85

2.51 (2.39, 2.64)

< 0.0001

2.52 (2.39, 2.64)

< 0.0001

2.47 (2.35, 2.60)

< 0.0001

Gender

 Male

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Female

0.75 (0.73, 0.78)

< 0.0001

0.74 (0.72, 0.77)

< 0.0001

0.76 (0.74, 0.79)

< 0.0001

Race

 White

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Black

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.97

1.05 (0.99, 1.11)

0.10

0.95 (0.90, 1.01)

0.11

 Other

0.93 (0.86, 1.00)

0.038

0.97 (0.90, 1.04)

0.35

0.89 (0.83, 0.96)

0.002

Charlson–Romano score, per unit change

1.21 (1.21, 1.22)

< 0.0001

N/A

 

N/A

 

Charlson–Romano comorbidity score, N (%)

 0

N/A

 

Ref

 

N/A

 

 1

  

2.20 (2.08, 2.33)

< 0.0001

  

 ≥ 2

  

3.11 (2.99, 3.23)

< 0.0001

  

Gout

2.08 (1.95, 2.21)

< 0.0001

2.14 (2.01, 2.27)

< 0.0001

1.79 (1.68, 1.90)

< 0.0001

  1. Bold data represent statistical significance, with p < 0.05
  2. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, N/A not applicable, Ref referent category
  3. aModel 1 included Charlson–Romano score as a continuous variable; model 2 replaced it with categorized Charlson–Romano score; and model 3 replaced it with each of the 17 Charlson–Romano comorbidities. All models also adjusted for medications for cardiovascular diseases (statins, beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) and for urate-lowering therapies for gout (allopurinol, febuxostat)