Fig. 4

CXCL13 and CCL20 exhibit synergistic effect on transmigration of B lymphocytes in vitro. a Migration in Transwell experiments of CD19⁺ B cells from PB of healthy donors. Chemotaxis induced by presence of CXCL13 (open circles) and CCL20 (open diamonds), as well as by their combination at different concentrations (filled circles). b Migration in Transwell experiments of CD19⁺ cells in presence of 1000 nM of CXCL13 or a combination of 1000 nM of CXCL13 and CCL20 in presence (black bars) or absence (gray bars) of blocking anti-CXCR5mAb. a, b Data represent absolute number of migrated cells obtained in triplicate and expressed as mean ± SE of four independent experiments. c Migration of CD20⁺ cells from PB and SF of RA patients. Data represent relative number of migrated B cells from PB and SF in Transwell experiments compared to basal conditions, considered 1. Data expressed as mean ± SE of five independent experiments. *p < 0.05, by t test for paired samples. PB peripheral blood, SF synovial fluid