Elevated levels of plasma symmetric dimethylarginine and increased arginase activity as potential indicators of cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis

Chandrasekharan, Unnikrishnan M.; Wang, Zeneng; Wu, Yuping; Wilson Tang, W. H.; Hazen, Stanley L.; Wang, Sihe; Husni, M. Elaine

doi:10.1186/s13075-018-1616-x

Table 3 Comparison of plasma levels of l-arginine metabolites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with and without cardiovascular risk factors

From: Elevated levels of plasma symmetric dimethylarginine and increased arginase activity as potential indicators of cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis

CV risk factors		ADMA (μmol/L)		SDMA (μmol/L)		ArgMI		GABR
CV risk factors	No. of patients	Value	p Value	Value	p Value	Value	p Value	Value	p Value
History of diabetes (+)	98	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.484	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.652	6.6 ± 1.9 6.3 (5.4–7.3)	0.031	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.556
History of diabetes (−)	21	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.9)	0.484	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.652	5.9 ± 1.3 6.1 (5–6.4)	0.031	0.4 ± 0.2, 0.4 (0.3–0.5)	0.556
History of hyperlipidemia (−)	63	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.260	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.054	6.5 ± 2.2 6.1 (5.3–7.1)	0.850	0.4 ± 0.2 0.4 (0.3–0.5)	0.259
History of hyperlipidemia (+)	56	0.7 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.260	0.6 ± 0.2 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.054	6.5 ± 1.4 6.5 (5.7–7)	0.850	0.3 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.259
History of HTN (−)	48	0.8 ± 0.1 0.7 (0.7–0.8)	0.662	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.5)	0.006*	6.3 ± 1.7 6 (5.3–7.4)	0.346	0.4 ± 0.1 0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.875
History of HTN (+)	71	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.662	0.6 ± 0.2 0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.006*	6.6 ± 2 6.4 (5.7–7)	0.346	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.3–0.4)	0.875
Two or more CVD risk factors	46	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.640	0.6 ± 0.2 0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.108	6.5 ± 1.4 6.4 (5.8–6.9)	0.986	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.3–0.4)	0.827
Less than two CVD risk factors	73	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.640	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.108	6.5 ± 2.1 6.1 (5.3–7.3)	0.986	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.2–0.5)	0.827
Smoking (−)	62	0.8 ± 0.1 0.7 (0.7–0.8)	0.313	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.754	6.5 ± 1.6 6.2 (5.5–7)	0.912	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.968
Smoking (+)	57	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.313	0.5 ± 0.2 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.754	6.5 ± 2.2 6.1 (5.1–7.2)	0.912	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.968
History of CVD (−)	101	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.542	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.379	6.6 ± 1.9 6.2 (5.4–7.3)	0.270	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.473
History of CVD (+)	17	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.542	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5(0.4–0.6)	0.379	6.2 ± 1.2 6.4 (5–6.7)	0.270	0.4 ± 0.2 0.4 (0.2–0.6)	0.473
Seropositive (+)	85	0.8 ± 0.1 0.8 (0.7–0.8)	0.293	0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 (0.4–0.6)	0.035	6.2 ± 1.4 6 (5.3–6.9)	0.03	0.4 ± 0.2 0.3 (0.3–0.4)	0.434
Seronegative (−)	34	0.7 ± 0.1 0.7 (0.7–0.8)	0.293	0.6 ± 0.2 0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.035	7.6 ± 2.9 7.3 (6–8.8)	0.03	0.4 ± 0.2 0.4 (0.3–0.5)	0.434

Abbreviations: ADMA Asymmetric dimethylarginine, SDMA Symmetric dimethylarginine, ArgMI Arginine methylation index (i.e., ADMA + SDMA/l-N^G-monomethyl arginine), GABR Global arginine bioavailability ratio (i.e., ratio of l-arginine to l-ornithine + l-citrulline), CV Cardiovascular, CVD Cardiovascular disease, HTN Hypertension

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