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Table 1 Before and after high-intensity interval training values, CIs, and effect sizes for clinical characteristics, health and disease activity, and medication use

From: Ten weeks of high-intensity interval walk training is associated with reduced disease activity and improved innate immune function in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study

 

Pre-HIIT

Post-HIIT

95% CI (lower, upper)

p Value

Effect size (d)

Age, yr

64 ± 7

   

Sex, M/F

1/11

   

Clinical characteristics

 BMI, kg/m2

27.4 ± 9.3

27.7 ± 9.8

(− 0.6, 0.1)

0.191

0.40

 Body fat, %

36.6 ± 11.6

37.3 ± 11.2

(− 2.1, 0.7)

0.294

0.32

 Blood pressure, mmHg

     

  Systolic

136 ± 14

127 ± 14

(− 0.8, 17.3)

0.070

0.58

  Diastolic

73 ± 12

69 ± 8

(− 2.7, 8.1)

0.064

0.60

  Mean arterial pressure

94 ± 11

89 ± 9

(0.2, 10.3)

0.044

0.66

 Resting heart rate, beats/min

69 ± 8

64 ± 8

(1.5, 8.3)

0.009

0.91

 HbA1c, %

5.6 ± 0.5

5.6 ± 0.4

(− 0.1, 0.2)

0.898

0.04

Health and disease activity

 HAQ-DI

0.42 ± 0.35

0.39 ± 0.47

(− 0.1, 0.2)

0.614

0.16

 Pain

28.7 ± 29.8

20.3 ± 21.5

(− 7.3, 24.1)

0.262

0.34

 Anxiety

4.1 ± 2.6

3.5 ± 2.8

(− 0.9, 2.0)

0.393

0.25

 Depression

3.8 ± 2.5

2.4 ± 1.9

(0.1, 2.5)

0.031

0.71

 Swollen joints, n

4.3 ± 3.8

1.9 ± 1.7

(0.6, 4.2)

0.013

0.85

 Tender joints, n

4.3 ± 7

1.9 ± 2.8

(− 0.8, 5.4)

0.062

0.48

 Global health, mm

31.5 ± 15.7

22.6 ± 19.2

(0.6, 17.2)

0.037

0.85

 DAS28ESR

3.1 ± 1.6

2.3 ± 1.2

(0.4, 1.2)

0.001

1.23

 DAS28CRP

3.1 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 1

(0.3, 1.0)

0.001

1.26

 ESR, mm/h

10.5 ± 11.9

7 ± 8.8

(0.04, 6.5)

0.023

0.65

 CRP, mg/L

2.7 ± 3.5

2.2 ± 3.1

(− 0.6, 1.6)

0.322

0.30

Medication use, n (%)

 Infliximab

2 (17%)

   

 Adalimumab

2 (17%)

   

 Methotrexate

6 (50%)

   

 Leflunomide

1 (8%)

   

 Sulfasalazine

2 (17%)

   

 Tofacitinib

1 (8%)

   

 Hydroxychloroquine

4 (33%)

   

 NSAID

8 (67%)

   

 Prednisone

2 (17%)

   
  1. Abbreviations: HIIT High-intensity interval training, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, BMI Body mass index, HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, DAS28 Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
  2. Data are mean ± SD