Table 2 Association between low birth weight or preterm birth and hip pathology/osteoarthritis
Author and year | Low birth weight/preterm measurement | Confounder adjusted for | Results | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hip bone shape abnormality | ||||
 Case-control study | ||||
  Chan et al., 1997 [35] | Birth weight from the birth registry | Maternal age, region of residence, parity, oligohydramnios, presentation and method of delivery, baby’s sex, birth weight, gestation | Low birth weight and DDH, where birth weight 3000–3500 g is referent Birth weight < 2000 g OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.12–0.77) Birth weight 2000–2500 g OR 0.52 (95% CI 0.31–0.88) | Those who were born with low birth weight (< 2500 g) were less likely to develop DDH |
 Cross-sectional studies | ||||
  Orak et al., 2015 [37] | Hospital-recorded birth weight | Unadjusted | Preterm born and α-angle of the hip joint suggestive of immature or pathologic hip Preterm born babies with α-angle < 60 ° = 2.7% Full-term born babies with α-angle < 60 ° = 28.5% (p < 0.001, Fisher’s exact test) | These results suggest that prematurity is not a predisposing factor for immature hip predictive of DDH |
  Davis et al., 1993 [36] | Hospital-recorded birth weight | Unadjusted | Low birth weight and preterm birth with hip deformity Out-toeing 62% in low birth weight vs 35% in the term babies Total rotation of hip preterm group 119.20 (19.6) vs term group 99.20 (9.6) (p < 0.003) | Deformation of the lower limb including hip frequently seen in preterm babies during early infancy |
Hip OA | ||||
 Cohort studies | ||||
  Hussain et al., 2015 [32] | Self-reported birth weight and whether born ≥ 2 weeks preterm | Age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and physical activity | Low birth weight and hip arthroplasty HR 2.02 (95% CI 1.10–3.73) Preterm birth HR 2.53 (95% CI 1.30–4.92) | Individuals born with LBW or at preterm are at increased risk of hip arthroplasty for OA in adult life |
  Clynes et al., 2014 [34] | Birth weight from the birth registry | Age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol | Lower birth weight and radiographic hip OA OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.48–1.27) Lower birth weight andosteophytes in hip OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.13–2.01) | Individuals with lower birth weights were more likely to have hip osteophytes but not hip arthritis |