Fig. 4From: Glycation marker glucosepane increases with the progression of osteoarthritis and correlates with morphological and functional changes of cartilage in vivoSerum protein glycation, oxidation, and nitration adducts and hydroxyproline and citrullinated protein during development of osteoarthritis in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. Left side, center panels: Time course changes of serum glycation, oxidation, and nitration free adducts. a Nε-Fructosyl-lysine (FL). b Nε(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL). c glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (G-H1). d Pyrraline. e Nω-carboxymethylarginine (CMA). f Nε(1-carboxymethyl)lysine (CML). g Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1). h 3-Deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone (3DG-H). i Glucosepane (GSP). j Dityrosine (DT). k N-formylkynurenine (NFK). l Glutamic semialdehyde (GSA). m α-Aminoadipic semialdehyde (AASA). (n) 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Other serum markers were Hydroxyproline (Hyp) (o) and citrullinated protein (CP) (p). Data are mean ± SEM. Significance: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey posttest. Right side panels: Heat map representation of changes: q serum glycation, oxidation, and nitration free adducts and Hyp. r Serum protein glycation, oxidation, and nitration adduct residues and CPBack to article page