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Table 3 Univariate logistic regression analyses for development of new syndesmophytes over 5 years

From: A five-year prospective study of spinal radiographic progression and its predictors in men and women with ankylosing spondylitis

 

Total group, n = 166

Men, n = 89

Women, n = 77

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p value

Demographic variables

 Male sex

3.29

1.44 to 7.54

0.005

NA

  

NA

  

 Age, years

1.05

1.02 to 1.09

0.003

1.06

1.02 to 1.10

0.007

1.06

0.99 to 1.13

0.082

 BMI: overweight (reference, normal)

2.46

1.04 to 5.85

0.042

3.16

1.08 to 9.22

0.036

0.95

0.16 to 5.63

0.96

  obese (reference, normal)

4.49

1.62 to 12.44

0.004

4.25

1.16 to 15.60

0.029

4.29

0.78 to 23.43

0.093

 Ever-smoker

1.22

0.58 to 2.56

0.60

1.73

0.70 to 4.31

0.24

0.38

0.07 to 1.99

0.25

 Current smoker

2.16

0.74 to 6.32

0.16

4.47

0.99 to 20.29

0.052

0.94

0.10 to 8.51

0.95

 Blue-collar worka

1.18

0.45 to 3.10

0.74

1.47

0.44 to 4.87

0.53

0.78

0.14 to 4.43

0.78

 Time between x-rays

0.82

0.71 to 0.94

0.004

0.88

0.75 to 1.02

0.083

0.75

0.36 to 1.56

0.44

Disease-related variables

 Duration of symptoms, years

1.02

0.99 to 1.05

0.13

1.02

0.99 to 1.06

0.26

1.04

0.98 to 1.09

0.18

 HLA-B27 positive

1.00

0.34 to 2.90

1.00

0.55

0.12 to 2.65

0.46

0.91

0.17 to 4.86

0.91

 History of coxitis

1.09

0.28 to 4.19

0.90

0.36

0.04 to 3.14

0.35

4.57

0.71 to 29.61

0.11

 History of uveitis

2.26

1.04 to 4.91

0.039

1.88

0.73 to 4.81

0.19

2.69

0.62 to 11.66

0.19

 BASMI, score

1.57

1.22 to 2.01

< 0.001

1.29

1.00 to 1.68

0.053

4.39

1.77 to 10.84

0.001

 Lateral spinal flexion, cm

0.89

0.83 to 0.96

0.002

0.92

0.85 to 1.00

0.036

0.71

0.55 to 0.91

0.006

 BASFI, score

1.14

0.95 to 1.36

0.16

1.11

0.88 to 1.40

0.40

1.35

0.97 to 1.87

0.072

 BASDAI, score

1.01

0.85 to 1.21

0.91

1.01

0.82 to 1.26

0.90

1.14

0.81 to 1.61

0.45

 ASDAS_CRP

1.23

0.81 to 1.86

0.34

1.19

0.73 to 1.95

0.48

1.44

0.63 to 3.32

0.39

 CRP, mg/L

1.02

0.99 to 1.06

0.24

1.02

0.98 to 1.06

0.46

1.01

0.89 to 1.15

0.86

 Time-averaged CRP, mg/L

1.06

1.00 to 1.12

0.060

1.05

0.98 to 1.13

0.15

1.03

0.91 to 1.16

0.65

 ESR, mm/h

0.99

0.95 to 1.02

0.43

1.00

0.96 to 1.04

0.83

0.99

0.92 to 1.06

0.69

 Time-averaged ESR, mm/h

0.99

0.94 to 1.03

0.60

1.00

0.94 to 1.06

0.94

1.00

0.93 to 1.09

0.93

 Syndesmophytes at baseline

5.98

2.52 to 14.17

< 0.001

5.01

1.68 to 14.92

0.004

5.16

1.17 to 22.74

0.030

 Aortic insufficiencyb

1.53

0.58 to 4.04

0.40

1.11

0.31 to 4.02

0.87

2.89

0.61 to 13.69

0.18

Medication

 NSAID index, 0–100

1.01

1.00 to 1.02

0.11

1.01

1.00 to 1.02

0.11

1.00

0.97 to 1.02

0.72

 Exposure to TNFi

1.07

0.48 to 2.38

0.88

0.59

0.22 to 1.62

0.31

2.83

0.67 to 11.86

0.16

 Exposure to bisphosphonates

2.57

1.09 to 6.08

0.031

2.12

0.59 to 7.67

0.25

8.46

1.87 to 38.38

0.006

  1. ORs reflect a change in one unit for continuous variables. All variables are baseline values except for time-averaged variables and medications. Significant p values are shown in bold typeface
  2. ASDAS_CRP Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score_C-reactive protein, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HLA-B27 Human leukocyte antigen B27, mSASSS modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, TNFi tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
  3. an = 120 for total group, n = 63 for men, n = 57 for women
  4. bn = 153 for total groupn = 83 for men and n = 70 for women