Total group, n = 166 | Men, n = 89 | Women, n = 77 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
Demographic variables | |||||||||
Male sex | 3.29 | 1.44 to 7.54 | 0.005 | NA | NA | ||||
Age, years | 1.05 | 1.02 to 1.09 | 0.003 | 1.06 | 1.02 to 1.10 | 0.007 | 1.06 | 0.99 to 1.13 | 0.082 |
BMI: overweight (reference, normal) | 2.46 | 1.04 to 5.85 | 0.042 | 3.16 | 1.08 to 9.22 | 0.036 | 0.95 | 0.16 to 5.63 | 0.96 |
obese (reference, normal) | 4.49 | 1.62 to 12.44 | 0.004 | 4.25 | 1.16 to 15.60 | 0.029 | 4.29 | 0.78 to 23.43 | 0.093 |
Ever-smoker | 1.22 | 0.58 to 2.56 | 0.60 | 1.73 | 0.70 to 4.31 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.07 to 1.99 | 0.25 |
Current smoker | 2.16 | 0.74 to 6.32 | 0.16 | 4.47 | 0.99 to 20.29 | 0.052 | 0.94 | 0.10 to 8.51 | 0.95 |
Blue-collar worka | 1.18 | 0.45 to 3.10 | 0.74 | 1.47 | 0.44 to 4.87 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 0.14 to 4.43 | 0.78 |
Time between x-rays | 0.82 | 0.71 to 0.94 | 0.004 | 0.88 | 0.75 to 1.02 | 0.083 | 0.75 | 0.36 to 1.56 | 0.44 |
Disease-related variables | |||||||||
Duration of symptoms, years | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.05 | 0.13 | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.06 | 0.26 | 1.04 | 0.98 to 1.09 | 0.18 |
HLA-B27 positive | 1.00 | 0.34 to 2.90 | 1.00 | 0.55 | 0.12 to 2.65 | 0.46 | 0.91 | 0.17 to 4.86 | 0.91 |
History of coxitis | 1.09 | 0.28 to 4.19 | 0.90 | 0.36 | 0.04 to 3.14 | 0.35 | 4.57 | 0.71 to 29.61 | 0.11 |
History of uveitis | 2.26 | 1.04 to 4.91 | 0.039 | 1.88 | 0.73 to 4.81 | 0.19 | 2.69 | 0.62 to 11.66 | 0.19 |
BASMI, score | 1.57 | 1.22 to 2.01 | < 0.001 | 1.29 | 1.00 to 1.68 | 0.053 | 4.39 | 1.77 to 10.84 | 0.001 |
Lateral spinal flexion, cm | 0.89 | 0.83 to 0.96 | 0.002 | 0.92 | 0.85 to 1.00 | 0.036 | 0.71 | 0.55 to 0.91 | 0.006 |
BASFI, score | 1.14 | 0.95 to 1.36 | 0.16 | 1.11 | 0.88 to 1.40 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.97 to 1.87 | 0.072 |
BASDAI, score | 1.01 | 0.85 to 1.21 | 0.91 | 1.01 | 0.82 to 1.26 | 0.90 | 1.14 | 0.81 to 1.61 | 0.45 |
ASDAS_CRP | 1.23 | 0.81 to 1.86 | 0.34 | 1.19 | 0.73 to 1.95 | 0.48 | 1.44 | 0.63 to 3.32 | 0.39 |
CRP, mg/L | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.06 | 0.24 | 1.02 | 0.98 to 1.06 | 0.46 | 1.01 | 0.89 to 1.15 | 0.86 |
Time-averaged CRP, mg/L | 1.06 | 1.00 to 1.12 | 0.060 | 1.05 | 0.98 to 1.13 | 0.15 | 1.03 | 0.91 to 1.16 | 0.65 |
ESR, mm/h | 0.99 | 0.95 to 1.02 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.04 | 0.83 | 0.99 | 0.92 to 1.06 | 0.69 |
Time-averaged ESR, mm/h | 0.99 | 0.94 to 1.03 | 0.60 | 1.00 | 0.94 to 1.06 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.93 to 1.09 | 0.93 |
Syndesmophytes at baseline | 5.98 | 2.52 to 14.17 | < 0.001 | 5.01 | 1.68 to 14.92 | 0.004 | 5.16 | 1.17 to 22.74 | 0.030 |
Aortic insufficiencyb | 1.53 | 0.58 to 4.04 | 0.40 | 1.11 | 0.31 to 4.02 | 0.87 | 2.89 | 0.61 to 13.69 | 0.18 |
Medication | |||||||||
NSAID index, 0–100 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 | 0.11 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.97 to 1.02 | 0.72 |
Exposure to TNFi | 1.07 | 0.48 to 2.38 | 0.88 | 0.59 | 0.22 to 1.62 | 0.31 | 2.83 | 0.67 to 11.86 | 0.16 |
Exposure to bisphosphonates | 2.57 | 1.09 to 6.08 | 0.031 | 2.12 | 0.59 to 7.67 | 0.25 | 8.46 | 1.87 to 38.38 | 0.006 |